Late-onset islet autoimmunity in childhood: the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY).

Aims/hypothesis: We sought to assess the frequency, determinants and prognosis for future diabetes in individuals with islet autoimmunity and whether these factors differ depending on the age of onset of islet autoimmunity.

Methods: A prospective cohort (n = 2547) of children from the general population who had a high-risk HLA genotype and children who had a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes were followed for up to 21 years. Those with the persistent presence of one or more islet autoantibodies were categorised as early-onset (<8 years of age, n = 143, median 3.

Effectiveness of an informational video method to improve enrollment and retention of a pediatric cohort.

Objective: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY), a multinational epidemiological study, is designed to identify environmental exposures triggering autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children at increased genetic risk. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the use of an informational video in the enrollment and retention of eligible participants at the Colorado TEDDY clinical center.

Study Design And Setting: Eligible participants were divided into two groups based on the inclusion of the video in the enrollment materials: the No-Video Group (n=449) did not receive the video and were contacted between 7/1/07 and 6/30/08.

Celiac autoimmunity in children with type 1 diabetes: a two-year follow-up.

Objective: To determine the benefits of screening for celiac autoimmunity via immunoglobulin A transglutaminase autoantibodies (TG) in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Study Design: We followed up 79 screening-identified TG+ and 56 matched TG- children with T1D for 2 years to evaluate growth, bone mineral density, nutritional status, and diabetes control. TG+ subjects self-selected to gluten-free or gluten-containing diet.

Hazardous child labor: lead and neurocognitive development.

Hazardous child labor is challenging to define and quantify in the context of acute or chronic toxic exposures--either of which may cause significant disease and disability. Epidemiologic occupational studies in adults have documented many harmful outcomes secondary to exposure to toxic substances. Occupational surveillance efforts often have focused on acute injuries because they are more readily identified.

Unrecognized torture affects the health of refugees.

Recognizing the symptoms and signs of torture and documenting their cause may be key to providing effective health care for refugees from countries where torture is known to have occurred. Generalist or primary care physicians are in a unique position to establish a trust relationship with patients, to identify potential signs and symptoms of torture, and encourage patients to talk about their experiences. With knowledge about, understanding of, and sensitivity toward torture survivors, physicians can help these patients regain their health and a sense of well-being.