Pilot study to explore girls' lacrosse players' attitudes toward headgear.

Headgear adoption is a controversial issue in girls' lacrosse due to concerns that headgear use will facilitate greater risk-taking by players and contribute to more aggressive game play behaviours. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate high school girls' lacrosse players' attitudes towards headgear before and after a season of use. Twenty-five high school girls' lacrosse athletes wore headgear for one competitive season and completed a pre- and post-season survey.

Firearm Background Checks in States With and Without Background Check Laws.

Introduction: A total of 21 states have enacted laws that extend the types of firearm transfers that require the prospective purchaser to undergo a background check, often referred to as comprehensive background check laws. Utilizing a national representative survey of gun owners, this study estimates the proportion of firearm transfers that occur without background checks in states with and without these laws.

Methods: Data came from the 2019 National Firearms Survey, a nationally representative survey of 2,950 firearm owners in the U.

Rule Modifications to Reduce Checking-Related Injuries in High School Boys' Lacrosse.

Context: The National Federation of State High School Associations previously implemented 2 lacrosse rule modifications: Rule 5.4 in the 2012-2013 academic year to heighten the penalty for a head or neck hit to the head, face, or neck (HFN) and Rule 5.3.

The Effects of Headgear in High School Girls' Lacrosse.

Background: Girls' lacrosse headgear that met the ASTM International performance standard (ASTM F3137) became available in 2017. However, the effects of headgear use on impact forces during game play are unknown.

Purpose: To evaluate potential differences in rates, magnitudes, and game-play characteristics associated with verified impacts among players with and without headgear during competition.

Game-Related Impacts in High School Boys' Lacrosse.

Background: The rate of concussions in boys' lacrosse is reported to be the third highest among high school sports in the United States, but no studies have described game-related impacts among boys' lacrosse players.

Purpose: To characterize verified game-related impacts, both overall and those directly to the head, in boys' varsity high school lacrosse.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Characterizing Verified Head Impacts in High School Girls' Lacrosse.

Background: Girls' high school lacrosse players have higher rates of head and facial injuries than boys. Research indicates that these injuries are caused by stick, player, and ball contacts. Yet, no studies have characterized head impacts in girls' high school lacrosse.

Video Analysis Verification of Head Impact Events Measured by Wearable Sensors.

Background: Wearable sensors are increasingly used to quantify the frequency and magnitude of head impact events in multiple sports. There is a paucity of evidence that verifies head impact events recorded by wearable sensors.

Purpose: To utilize video analysis to verify head impact events recorded by wearable sensors and describe the respective frequency and magnitude.

Firearm Acquisition Without Background Checks: Results of a National Survey.

Background: In 1994, 40% of U.S. gun owners who had recently acquired a firearm did so without a background check.

Rate of injury among youth lacrosse players.

Objective: This study describes the rate of injury and the types and mechanisms of injuries incurred by girls and boys during youth recreational lacrosse.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Games were played at a large turf community athletic complex.

The effect of child access prevention laws on unintentional child firearm fatalities, 1979-2000.

Objective: Unintentional firearm deaths among children have been declining steadily in the United States. This study investigates whether Child Access Prevention (CAP) laws are associated with this decline.

Methods: Pooled cross-sectional time- series data (1979-2000) for 50 states and negative binomial regression methods were used to estimate the effect of Child Access Prevention laws on unintentional firearm deaths among children.

Differences in treatment outcome for hepatitis C among ethnic groups.

Background: Studies of interferon-based therapies for hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients have documented variable response rates according to ethnicity. However, these studies enrolled low numbers of ethnic minorities.

Methods: Data from two multicenter trials of combination therapy for hepatitis C were analyzed to determine predictors of treatment success.

The effect of nondiscretionary concealed weapon carrying laws on homicide.

Background: Historically, the carrying of concealed firearms has been either substantially restricted or prohibited outright. Over the past two decades, laws making it easier for civilians to obtain permits allowing them to carry concealed weapons legally have proliferated throughout the United States. This study investigates the effect of such changes in state laws on state homicide rates.

Low serum vitamin B12 levels in an outpatient HIV-infected population.

A retrospective review was conducted on serum vitamin B12 levels in an HIV-infected outpatient cohort, many of whom received antiretroviral therapy. B12 levels were obtained at most staging visits (every six months) and when clinically indicated. For each serum B12 level, laboratory values and clinical symptoms were recorded.

Effects of Maryland's law banning "Saturday night special" handguns on homicides.

Small, inexpensive, often poorly made handguns known as "Saturday night specials" are disproportionately involved in crime. Maryland banned the sale of Saturday night specials effective January 1, 1990. During the 2 years between the law's passage in 1988 and its effective date, legal handgun sales in Maryland were 34% higher than expected (p = 0.