Degradation of lubricating molecules in synovial fluid alters chondrocyte sensitivity to shear strain.

Articular joints facilitate motion and transfer loads to underlying bone through a combination of cartilage tissue and synovial fluid, which together generate a low-friction contact surface. Traumatic injury delivered to cartilage and the surrounding joint capsule causes secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by chondrocytes and the synovium, triggering cartilage matrix breakdown and impairing the ability of synovial fluid to lubricate the joint. Once these inflammatory processes become chronic, posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) development begins.

Complement system dysregulation in synovial fluid from patients with persistent inflammation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery.

Introduction: Patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury are at high risk of posttraumatic osteoarthritis and their response to reconstructive surgery and rehabilitation vary. Proteins identified in the orchestration of the acute inflammatory response may be predictive of patient outcomes.

Objective: An unbiased, bottom-up proteomics approach was used to discover novel targets for therapeutics in relation to dysregulation in the orchestration of inflammatory pathways implicated in persistent joint inflammation subsequent to joint trauma.

Novel Osteochondral Biotemplate Improves Long-term Cartilage Repair Compared With Microfracture in an Ovine Model.

Background: Current cartilage repair therapies do not re-create the complex mechanical interface between cartilage and bone, which is critical for long-term repair durability. New biomaterial designs that include hard tissue-soft tissue interface structures offer promise to improve clinical outcomes.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a naturally derived osteochondral biotemplate with a novel contiguous hard tissue-soft tissue interface in an ovine model as a regenerative solution for articular cartilage defects.

Equine Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate.

Bone marrow concentrate is generated by centrifugation of bone marrow aspirate. It contains mesenchymal stromal cells, anabolic chemokines/cytokines, and supraphysiological concentrations of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1RA). It is an effective treatment for osteoarthritis or desmitis, or as an adjunct in surgery to enhance bone or cartilage repair.

Composition and Bioactivity of a Placental Tissue Particulate (PTP-001) Indicate Greater Potential than Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis.

Objective: This study was conducted to compare therapeutically relevant properties of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a commonly used autologous intra-articular treatment for osteoarthritis (OA), with those of a novel placental tissue particulate, PTP-001, which is in development as a regulated biologic treatment for knee OA.

Design: Quantitative immunoassays were performed to determine the content of key growth/regulatory biofactors in PTP-001, and in leukocyte-rich (LR)-PRP or leukocyte-poor (LP)-PRP. An anti-inflammatory bioassay was used to evaluate the effects of each treatment on pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) production in a macrophage cell culture system.