nNOS-derived NO modulates force production and iNO-derived NO the excitability in C2C12-derived 3D tissue engineering skeletal muscle different NO signaling pathways.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a bioactive gas produced by one of the three NO synthases: neuronal NOS (nNOS), inducible (iNOS), and endothelial NOS (eNOS). NO has a relevant modulatory role in muscle contraction; this takes place through two major signaling pathways: (i) activation of soluble guanylate cyclase and, thus, protein kinase G or (ii) nitrosylation of sulfur groups of cysteine. Although it has been suggested that nNOS-derived NO is the responsible isoform in muscle contraction, the roles of eNOS and iNOS and their signaling pathways have not yet been clarified.

Generation and characterization of a stable cell line persistently replicating and secreting the human hepatitis delta virus.

Human hepatitis delta virus (HDV) causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis. Approximately 15-25 million people are chronically infected with HDV. As a satellite virus of the human hepatitis B virus (HBV), HDV uses the HBV-encoded envelope proteins for egress from and de novo entry into hepatocytes.