Black and white: how good are clinicians at diagnosing elbow injuries from paediatric elbow radiographs alone?

Objectives: Paediatric trauma elbow radiographs are difficult to interpret and there is a potential for harm if misdiagnosed. The primary goal of this study was to assess the ability of healthcare professionals internationally to interpret paediatric trauma elbow radiographs from the radiograph alone by formulating the correct diagnosis.

Methods: This prospective international study was conducted online via the Free Open Access Medical Education platform, Don't Forget the Bubbles (DFTB, ISSN 2754-5407).

Stool donor screening within a Therapeutic Goods Administration compliant donor screening program for fecal microbiota transplantation.

Background And Aim: This study evaluates whether a stool donor program to supply fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) product is feasible in the Australian regulatory environment. The primary outcome was capacity to supply FMT product. The secondary outcomes were donor eligibility, retention, and output.

Physician and patient perceptions of fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent or refractory in the first 6 years of a central stool bank.

Background And Aim: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a highly effective therapy for recurrent or refractory infection (rCDI). Despite inclusion in society guidelines, the uptake of FMT therapy has been variable. Physician and patient attitudes may be a barrier to evidence-based uptake of therapies; however, data assessing attitudes regarding FMT for rCDI are limited.

The microbial abundance dynamics of the paediatric oral cavity before and after sleep.

: Microhabitats in the oral cavity differ in microbial taxonomy. However, abundance variations of bacterial and viral communities within these microhabitats are not fully understood. : To assess the spatial distribution and dynamics of the microbial abundances within 6 microhabitats of the oral cavity before and after sleep.

Pain, swelling and irritability in the sun: what is the diagnosis?

A 7-year-old boy presented with a 24-hour history of severe burning pain affecting both hands that had started within minutes of playing outdoors. His mother reported that he had been running his hands under cold water and shaking his hands and head to try and relieve the pain. On examination, there was swelling of his hands, eyelids and cheeks.

A hydrocarbon-contaminated aquifer reveals a Piggyback-the-Persistent viral strategy.

Subsurface environments hold the largest reservoir of microbes in the biosphere. They play essential roles in transforming nutrients, degrading contaminants and recycling organic matter. Here, we propose a previously unrecognised fundamental microbial process that influences aquifer bioremediation dynamics and that applies to all microbial communities.

Distinct niche partitioning of marine and freshwater microbes during colonisation.

Bacteria are ubiquitous on the Earth, and many use chemotaxis to colonise favourable microenvironments. The colonisation process is continuous, where animals, plants, protists, viruses and chemical and physical factors frequently remove bacteria from wide volume ranges. Colonisation processes are poorly understood in natural communities.

Nasal foreign bodies in the paediatric emergency department.

Background: Nasal foreign body(-ies) (FB) cause local irritation, inflammation, and mucosal erosion and carry a potential risk of aspiration. The aim is to describe the management of nasal FBs in our Emergency Department (ED).

Method: A retrospective study of 100 sequential suspected nasal FB presentations to a tertiary paediatric ED.

Microbial micropatches within microbial hotspots.

The spatial distributions of organism abundance and diversity are often heterogeneous. This includes the sub-centimetre distributions of microbes, which have 'hotspots' of high abundance, and 'coldspots' of low abundance. Previously we showed that 300 μl abundance hotspots, coldspots and background regions were distinct at all taxonomic levels.

Respiratory adaptation in term infants following elective caesarean section.

Objective: To determine respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO) values in full-term infants immediately after caesarean section, and to assess whether infants that develop transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) follow the same physiological patterns.

Design And Patients: A Respironics NM3 Monitor (Philips, Netherlands) continuously measured RR, TV and EtCO for 7 min in infants >37 weeks' gestation following elective caesarean section (ECS). Monitoring was repeated at 2 hours of age for 2 min.

Marine and giant viruses as indicators of a marine microbial community in a riverine system.

Viral communities are important for ecosystem function as they are involved in critical biogeochemical cycles and controlling host abundance. This study investigates riverine viral communities around a small rural town that influences local water inputs. Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, Phycodnaviridae, Mimiviridae, Herpesviridae, and Podoviridae were the most abundant families.

Enumerating Virus-Like Particles and Bacterial Populations in the Sinuses of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients Using Flow Cytometry.

There is increasing evidence to suggest that the sinus microbiome plays a role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, the concentration of these microorganisms within the sinuses is still unknown. We show that flow cytometry can be used to enumerate bacteria and virus-like particles (VLPs) in sinus flush samples of CRS patients.

Distributions of Virus-Like Particles and Prokaryotes within Microenvironments.

Microbial interactions are important for ecosystem function, but occur at the microscale and so are difficult to observe. Previous studies in marine systems have shown significant shifts in microbial community abundance and composition over scales of micrometres to centimetres. This study investigates the microscale abundance distributions of virus-like particles (VLPs) and prokaryotes in the lower reaches of a river to determine the extent to which microscale microbial patchiness exists in freshwater systems.

Virio- and bacterioplankton microscale distributions at the sediment-water interface.

The marine sediment-water interface is an important location for microbially controlled nutrient and gas exchange processes. While microbial distributions on the sediment side of the interface are well established in many locations, the distributions of microbes on the water side of the interface are less well known. Here, we measured that distribution for marine virio- and bacterioplankton with a new two-dimensional technique.