Nuclear and cpDNA sequences combined provide strong inference of higher phylogenetic relationships in the phlox family (Polemoniaceae).

Members of the phlox family (Polemoniaceae) serve as useful models for studying various evolutionary and biological processes. Despite its biological importance, no family-wide phylogenetic estimate based on multiple DNA regions with complete generic sampling is available. Here, we analyze one nuclear and five chloroplast DNA sequence regions (nuclear ITS, chloroplast matK, trnL intron plus trnL-trnF intergeneric spacer, and the trnS-trnG, trnD-trnT, and psbM-trnD intergenic spacers) using parsimony and Bayesian methods, as well as assessments of congruence and long branch attraction, to explore phylogenetic relationships among 84 ingroup species representing all currently recognized Polemoniaceae genera.

A brief telephone intervention targeting treatment engagement from a substance abuse program wait list.

This study compares three brief participant-initiated telephone interventions aimed at enhancing treatment engagement of individuals on a substance abuse treatment wait list. Policies requiring that wait list members call at least every other week in order to remain eligible for treatment remained in place for the standard and enhanced conditions but not for the voluntary condition. The standard condition was a minimal intervention, providing information on the program.