Exploring Youths' Cannabis Health Literacy Post Legalization: A Qualitative Study.

Legalization of non-medical cannabis in Canada was intended to protect youth health and safety by limiting access and raising awareness of safety and risks. The purpose of this qualitative research was to explore youths' perceptions of their cannabis health literacy and future educational needs. A convenience sample of youth aged 13 to 18 residing in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada who may or may not have consumed cannabis were included.

Post-Pandemic Engagement of Youth in Virtual Environments: Reflections and Lessons Learned From the Development of a Youth Education Program.

The COVID-19 pandemic introduced new landscapes for research and public engagement participation. This shift was accompanied by significant challenges and unique opportunities for engaging youth as active participants and collaborators. This commentary will reflect on insights gained from conducting a variety of virtual youth engagement activities during the pandemic, within a rights-based and empirical approach.

A survey of educator perspectives toward teaching harm reduction cannabis education.

Introduction: Substance use is common among youth which can adversely affect youth health. Despite the legalization of cannabis in Canada and much of the United States, there is a lack of harm reduction cannabis education in schools. In addition, educators may not feel prepared to teach students about cannabis.

Planting the seeds for success: A qualitative study exploring primary healthcare providers' perceptions about medical cannabis.

Background: In Canada, cannabis legalization altered the way that the public can access cannabis for medical purposes. However, Canadians still struggle with finding healthcare professionals (HCPs) who are involved in medical cannabis counselling and authorization. This raises questions about the barriers that are causing this breakdown in care.

Examining attributes of retailers that influence where cannabis is purchased: a discrete choice experiment.

Background: With the legalization of cannabis in Canada, consumers are presented with numerous purchase options. Licensed retailers are limited by the Cannabis Act and provincial regulations with respect to offering sales, advertising, location, maximum quantities, and information sharing in an effort to protect public health and safety. The degree these policies influence consumer purchase behavior will help inform regulatory refinement.

Emerging adult perceptions of cannabis consumption: Examining changes in perceptions from pre-legalization to post-legalization.

Background: Emerging adults (EAs) have the highest rates of cannabis consumption in Canada and are vulnerable to the potential impacts of frequent cannabis consumption. This study assessed EAs' perceived risk of cannabis consumption across multiple domains of potential harm based on the age (14-year-old, 21-year-old, or 28-year-old) and sex (male or female) of the vignette character, time-point (pre- or post-legalization), and participant's gender.

Methods: Secondary analyses were conducted on data from a pre-legalization study and post-legalization replication.

Drivers of Purchase Decisions Among Consumers of Dried Flower Cannabis Products: A Discrete Choice Experiment.

Objective: Cannabis was legalized for nonmedical use in Canada in 2018. However, with a long-established illegal market, it is important to understand cannabis consumers' preferences in order to create a market that encourages purchasing cannabis through legalized channels.

Method: A survey including a discrete choice experiment was conducted to estimate preference weights for seven attributes of dried flower cannabis purchases (price, packaging, moisture level, potency, product recommendations, package information, and regulation by Health Canada).

Exploring Consumer Preferences for Cannabis Vaping Products to Support Public Health Policy: A Discrete Choice Experiment.

Background: Phase two of cannabis legalisation in Canada brought cannabis vaping products to the market. This decision was controversial due to an outbreak of vaping cannabis use-associated lung injury. This resulted in three provinces banning the sale of cannabis vaping products causing inequitable access.

Driving under the influence of cannabis: perceptions from Canadian youth.

Background: Cannabis legalization is intended to protect the public from potential harm by restricting access and promoting greater awareness of cannabis-related risks. Youth are at a greater risk for experiencing road-related harms due to their own or others' use of cannabis. This qualitative research explored youths' perceptions about cannabis and road safety.

Emerging Adult Perceptions of Cannabis Consumption Post-Legalization: Considering Age and Sex Differences.

Purpose: Increased access to legalized non-medical cannabis has led to growing concern over the potential adverse health impacts of cannabis consumption among youth and emerging adults. This study explored emerging adult perceptions of cannabis consumption and if perceptions changed based on the age and sex of the cannabis consumer.

Methods: Canadian emerging adults between the ages of 18 and 25 years (N = 1,424, Mean = 21.

Pharmacists expanded role in providing care for opioid use disorder during COVID-19: A qualitative study exploring pharmacists' experiences.

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) struggled with access to prescribers and opioid agonist therapy (OAT). Recognizing this gap in care, Health Canada issued a short-term subsection 56(1) class exemption from the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act authorizing pharmacists to independently manage controlled substances. The purpose of this study was to explore the expanded role of Canadian pharmacists in providing care to patients with OUD during the pandemic.

Pharmacists' perceptions of the Canadian opioid regulatory exemptions on patient care and opioid stewardship.

Background: This study explored the perceptions of Canadian pharmacists about the barriers and facilitators of providing opioid stewardship activities in pharmacy practice, considering the subsection 56(1) class exemption under Health Canada's Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA).

Methods: Qualitative key informant telephone interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of pharmacists from across Canada. We included community or primary health care team-based pharmacists who self-identified as having experience with providing care for patients using opioids via the exemptions.

The role of pharmacists in opioid stewardship: A scoping review.

Background: The opioid epidemic is an international public health concern. Pharmacists are in a strategic position to promote and implement effective opioid stewardship due to both their central role on health care teams and frequent interaction with patients. Despite this integral role, pharmacists do not have harmonized scopes of practice in opioid stewardship.

The role of pharmacists in opioid stewardship: Protocol.

Background: The opioid crisis is a worldwide public health concern. In North America, evidence suggests that the increase in opioid prescriptions correlates with the observed increase in opioid-related mortality and morbidity. Pharmacists are in a strategic position to promote effective opioid stewardship as they have a central role on healthcare teams.

Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Predictors of Complications and Length of Hospital Stay.

Background: The primary objective of the study was to determine factors associated with complications and length of hospital stay (LOS) in hospitalized adult patients with diabetes along with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). CAP is a common infection in patients with diabetes mellitus and is associated with a significant mortality and morbidity.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 215 adult patients with diabetes who were admitted with CAP.

Interventions performed by community pharmacists in one Canadian province: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Interventions made by pharmacists to resolve issues when filling a prescription ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of medication therapy for patients. The purpose of this study was to provide a current estimate of the number and types of interventions performed by community pharmacists during processing of prescriptions. This baseline data will provide insight into the factors influencing current practice and areas where pharmacists can redefine and expand their role.