Evaluating the National Rollout of a Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management Intervention: Qualitative Interview Study With Local National Health Service Leads Responsible for Implementation.

Background: Approximately 4.5 million people live with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the United Kingdom. Evidence shows that structured education programs can improve glycemic control and reduce the risk of complications from T2DM, but they have low attendance rates.

A qualitative evaluation of the national rollout of a diabetes prevention programme in England.

Background: The National Health Service Diabetes Prevention Programme (NHS DPP) was commissioned by NHS England in 2016 and rolled out in three 'waves' across the whole of England. It aims to help people with raised blood glucose levels reduce their risk of developing type 2 diabetes through behaviour change techniques (e.g.

Reflections of patient and public involvement from a commissioned research project evaluating a nationally implemented NHS programme focused on diabetes prevention.

Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) in research is recognised by the National Institute for Health and Care Research as crucial for high quality research with practical benefit for patients and carers. Patient and public contributors can provide both personal knowledge and lived experiences which complement the perspectives of the academic research team. Nevertheless, effective PPIE must be tailored to the nature of the research, such as the size and scope of the research, whether it is researcher-led or independently commissioned, and whether the research aims to design an intervention or evaluate it.

Implementation, uptake and use of a digital COVID-19 symptom tracker in English care homes in the coronavirus pandemic: a mixed-methods, multi-locality case study.

Background: COVID-19 spread rapidly in UK care homes for older people in the early pandemic. National infection control recommendations included remote resident assessment. A region in North-West England introduced a digital COVID-19 symptom tracker for homes to identify early signs of resident deterioration to facilitate care responses.

Scale-up of ABC care bundle for intracerebral haemorrhage across two hyperacute stroke units in one region in England: a mixed methods evaluation of a quality improvement project.

Background: Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10%-15% of strokes in the UK, but is responsible for half of all annual global stroke deaths. The ABC bundle for ICH was developed and implemented at Salford Royal Hospital, and was associated with a 44% reduction in 30-day case fatality. Implementation of the bundle was scaled out to the other hyperacute stroke units (HASUs) in the region from April 2017.

The challenges of integrating signposting into general practice: qualitative stakeholder perspectives on care navigation and social prescribing in primary care.

Background: A national policy focus in England to address general practice workforce issues has led to a commitment to employ significant numbers of non-general practitioner (GP) roles to redistribute workload. This paper focuses on two such roles: the care navigation (CN) and social prescribing link worker (SPLW) roles, which both aim to introduce 'active signposting' into primary care, to direct patients to the right professional/services at the right time and free up GP time. There is a lack of research exploring staff views of how these roles are being planned and operationalised into general practice and how signposting is being integrated into primary care.

Participatory codesign of patient involvement in a Learning Health System: How can data-driven care be patient-driven care?

Background: A Learning Health System (LHS) is a model of how routinely collected health data can be used to improve care, creating 'virtuous cycles' between data and improvement. This requires the active involvement of health service stakeholders, including patients themselves. However, to date, research has explored the acceptability of being 'data donors' rather than considering patients as active contributors.

Pre-hospital stroke recognition in a UK centralised stroke system: a qualitative evaluation of current practice.

Background: A significant number of patients conveyed via ambulance to hyper acute stroke units (HASU) with suspected stroke have other diagnoses. This may delay treatment for non-stroke patients and cause burden to stroke teams. The Greater Manchester (GM) Connected Health Cities (CHC) stroke project links historical North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust (NWAS) data with Salford Royal Hospital electronic data to study stroke pathway compliance and accuracy of paramedic diagnosis and aims to use these data to improve pre-hospital clinicians' accurate recognition of stroke through development of service improvement innovations.

The Contradictions of Telehealth User Experience in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis.

Objective: As the global burden of chronic disease rises, policy makers are showing a strong interest in adopting telehealth technologies for use in long term condition management, including COPD. However, there remain barriers to its implementation and sustained use. To date, there has been limited qualitative investigation into how users (both patients/carers and staff) perceive and experience the technology.

A study to assess the feasibility of undertaking a randomized controlled trial of adherence with eye drops in glaucoma patients.

Background: Adherence with therapy could influence the progression of glaucoma and ultimately affect the onset of visual impairment in some individuals. This feasibility study evaluated the measures to be used for a future randomized controlled trial assessing the effects of group-based education on adherence with eye drops.

Methods: People diagnosed with glaucoma within the previous 12 months attending a regional ophthalmology clinic in the North West of England were recruited.

Developing longitudinal qualitative designs: lessons learned and recommendations for health services research.

Background: Longitudinal qualitative methods are becoming increasingly used in the health service research, but the method and challenges particular to health care settings are not well described in the literature.We reflect on the strategies used in a longitudinal qualitative study to explore the experience of symptoms in cancer patients and their carers, following participants from diagnosis for twelve months; we highlight ethical, practical, theoretical and methodological issues that need to be considered and addressed from the outset of a longitudinal qualitative study.

Results: Key considerations in undertaking longitudinal qualitative projects in health research, include the use of theory, utilizing multiple methods of analysis and giving consideration to the practical and ethical issues at an early stage.

Adherence to ocular hypotensive therapy: patient health education needs and views on group education.

Background: In this study the authors sought both to understand the health education needs of patients with glaucoma, with particular regard to adherence to glaucoma treatment, and to examine these patients' views of group education.

Methods: Using a health promotion approach to health education, 27 qualitative interviews with new and established patients receiving glaucoma treatment were conducted. Health promotion is defined as a way of strengthening people's capacities to control and optimize their own health.

Symptom experience in patients with gynecological cancers: the development of symptom cIusters through patient narratives.

The vast majority of the increasing cancer literature on physical and psychological symptom clusters is quantitative, attempting either to model clusters through statistical techniques or to test priori clusters for their strength of relationship. Narrative symptom clusters can be particularly sensitive outcomes that can generate conceptually meaningful hypotheses for symptom cluster research. We conducted a study to explore the explanation of patients about the development and coexistence of symptoms and how patients at tempted to self-manage them.

Interventions for cough in cancer.

Background: Cough is a common symptom in patients with malignancies, especially in patients with lung cancer. Cough is not well controlled in clinical practice and clinicians have few management options to treat it.

Objectives: The primary objective of this review was to determine the effectiveness of interventions, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, (other than chemotherapy and external beam radiotherapy) in the management of cough in malignant disease (especially in lung cancer).

Symptom experience in patients with primary brain tumours: a longitudinal exploratory study.

Purpose: This study was undertaken to further understand the symptom experience and the impact of symptoms in daily life in people treated for brain tumours.

Methods: A qualitative prospective longitudinal design was used with 9 people who were interviewed over 4 time points (soon after diagnosis, 3 months, 6 months and 12-months post-diagnosis), providing 21 interviews in total.

Results: Key issues for these participants were ongoing fatigue, memory loss and inability to drive.

Symptoms before, during, and 14 months after the beginning of treatment as perceived by patients with lymphoma.

Purpose/objectives: To explore occurrence of symptoms and relationships between them as perceived by patients with lymphoma before, during, and 14 months after the beginning of treatment.

Research Approach: Qualitative and longitudinal.

Setting: A major oncology center in the United Kingdom.

In vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships for the trisubstituted aminopurine cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors olomoucine, bohemine and CYC202.

Purpose: To investigate pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships for the trisubstituted aminopurine cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors olomoucine, bohemine, and CYC202 (R-roscovitine; seliciclib) in the HCT116 human colon carcinoma model.

Experimental Design: The in vitro activity of the agents was determined in a human tumor panel using the sulforhodamine B assay. The concentration and time dependence was established in HCT116 cells.

A rationale for the clinical development of the thymidylate synthase inhibitor ZD9331 in ovarian and other solid tumours.

ZD9331 is an antifolate drug that potently and specifically inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS). In contrast with TS inhibitors such as raltitrexed, it cannot be polyglutamated, leading to antitumour activity independent of folylpolyglutamyl synthetase (FPGS) activity. The growth inhibition IC50 values for ZD9331 and raltitrexed were determined for a panel of 18 human tumour cell lines, that included six colon and six ovarian.