Effect of stress and bupropion on craving, withdrawal symptoms, and mood in smokers.

Introduction: Studies suggest that in smokers attempting to quit smoking, the occurrence of stressful events is associated with smoking relapse. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bupropion (an agent known to increase smoking cessation rates) on the craving, withdrawal, and mood response to stressful tasks administered in a laboratory setting.

Methods: Response to three tasks (a speech, math, and cold pressor task) was measured in 65 smokers during ad libitum smoking.

Naltrexone effect on physiological and subjective response to a cold pressor task.

In this double-blind, cross-over study physiological (i.e. blood pressure, heart rate, plasma catecholamine concentrations, plasma cortisol concentrations) and subjective (i.

Effect of bupropion on physiological measures of stress in smokers during nicotine withdrawal.

Studies suggest that among cigarette smokers trying to quit, stress undermines abstinence. Little research has assessed if therapies that increase smoking cessation rates impact physiological measures of stress response. Forty-three subjects completed this repeated-measures study in which a laboratory assessment was completed at baseline and after 17 days of treatment with either placebo (n=15), bupropion sustained release (150 mg twice daily) (n=14) or bupropion with stress reduction counseling (n=14).

Use of administrative data to identify health plan members with unrecognized bipolar disorder: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: This retrospective cohort study used an algorithmic case-finding system on claims data from nationwide commercial health plans to validate previously identified predictors of unrecognized bipolar disorder among adults.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort design.

Methods: Using logistic regression, 2 claims data sets were evaluated to explore potential predictors; the first included claims for all healthcare encounters (all-encounters data set); the second excluded mental health provider claims (carve-out data set).

Inhibition of CYP2D6 activity by bupropion.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of bupropion on cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) activity. Twenty-one subjects completed this repeated-measures study in which dextromethorphan (30-mg oral dose) was administered to smokers at baseline and after 17 days of treatment with either bupropion sustained-release (150 mg twice daily) or matching placebo. Subjects quit smoking 3 days before the second dextromethorphan administration.

Psychopharmacological interactions between nicotine and ethanol.

Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory evidence has shown a positive correlation between cigarette smoking and ethanol use, and previous studies suggest some commonality in the neural pathways mediating effects of nicotine and ethanol. In this study, the subjective and behavioral interactions among nicotine, ethanol, and the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine were investigated. The main objectives were to determine how the rewarding effects of nicotine might be modified by ethanol, and to compare the effects of ethanol with those of a nicotinic antagonist (mecamylamine).

Lack of effect of 5HT3 antagonist in mediating subjective and behavioral responses to cotinine.

Previous studies have shown that cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, may antagonize some of the therapeutic effects of nicotine. The mechanisms underlying cotinine's effects are unclear, but cotinine has been observed to increase serotonin levels in the brain. Thus, it is possible that blocking serotonin effects may antagonize the actions of cotinine, thereby reducing its impact on responses to nicotine.