Interactions between vitamin D deficiency and inflammation on diabetes risk: data from 336,500 UK Biobank adults.

Objectives: Findings regarding the effects of vitamin D supplementation on diabetes risk are inconclusive. Because inflammation and vitamin D levels are interconnected, we hypothesized that higher inflammation levels moderate the effects of vitamin D deficiency on diabetes risk.

Design, Setting, Participants, And Measurements: UK Biobank participants without pre-existing diabetes at baseline were included (N = 336,500).

Comorbidities, healthcare use, and contact with healthcare transition services in older veterans after incarceration.

Background: The Health Care for Reentry Veterans (HCRV) program was established to support community reintegration for veterans after incarceration. Yet, it is unclear how those with and without HCRV contact differ. We sought to evaluate differences in medical and psychiatric conditions and healthcare utilization among mid-to late-life reentry veterans who did and did not receive HCRV outreach.

Association of spouse's health status with the onset of depressive symptoms in partner: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the associations between the multidimensional health status of one spouse and the onset of depressive symptoms in partner, and whether the associations differed by gender and residence.

Methods: We analyzed data from 2401 females and their husbands (scenario 1), and 2830 males and their wives (scenario 2) who participated in the 2011/2012 and 2015 waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.

Mixed-methods study examining family carers' perceptions of the relationship between intrahospital transitions and patient readiness for discharge.

Introduction: Intrahospital transitions (IHTs) represent movements of patients during hospitalisation. While transitions are often clinically necessary, such as a transfer from the emergency department to an intensive care unit, transitions may disrupt care coordination, such as discharge planning. Family carers often serve as liaisons between the patient and healthcare professionals.

Prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment before incarceration.

Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that behaviors in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias could result in incarceration. Yet, the proportion of persons diagnosed with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) before they were incarcerated is largely unknown. By leveraging a national sample of mid- to late-life adults who were incarcerated, we determined the prevalence of dementia and MCI before their incarceration.

Older incarcerated persons' mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: Older incarcerated persons are an especially vulnerable segment of the prison population, with high rates of multimorbidity. This study aims to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on older incarcerated persons' mental and physical health.

Design/methodology/approach: Participants were 157 currently-incarcerated persons age ≥50 years who were enrolled in an ongoing longitudinal study before the pandemic.

Cognitive Impairment in Older Incarcerated Males: Education and Race Considerations.

Objective: Assess cognitive impairment (global cognition and executive functioning) in older incarcerated males overall, and according to education and race.

Design: Cross-sectional PARTICIPANTS: The sample included 239 racially diverse (37.7% White, 41.

Association between early life circumstances and depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults: Results from China health and retirement longitudinal study: Early life circumstances and depression.

Background: A growing body of literature suggests that early life circumstances can influence mental health throughout the lifespan. However, how these early life circumstances cumulatively contribute to depression in old age is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of eight factors with depression among community-dwelling older adults.

Developing the Resilience Framework for Nursing and Healthcare.

Despite four decades of resilience research, resilience remains a poor fit for practice as a scientific construct. Using the literature, we explored the concepts attributed to the development of resilience, identifying those that mitigate symptoms of distress caused by adversity and facilitate coping in seven classes of illness: transplants, cancer, mental illness, episodic illness, chronic and painful illness, unexpected events, and illness within a dyadic relationship. We identified protective, compensatory, and challenge-related coping-concept strategies that healthcare workers and patients use during the adversity experience.

Self-rated health and mental health among older incarcerated males.

Objectives: Older incarcerated persons are a rapidly growing population with considerable mental health needs. We evaluated perceived worth and meaningfulness in life as mediators in the relationship between self-rated health (SRH) and depression and anxiety.

Method: Mediation analyses were conducted among 222 older incarcerated males from eight correctional facilities in Connecticut.

Interaction Between Vitamin D and Interleukin 6 on Slow Gait Speed: 6-Year Follow-up Data of Older Adults From InCHIANTI.

Background: Whereas the independent effects of biomarkers, including 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), insulin-like growth factor 1, C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6 (IL-6), on gait speed in older adults have been evaluated, their joint effects on gait speed are not well understood.

Methods: Study subjects aged at least 65 at baseline (N = 970) were enrolled in the population-based Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) study from 1998 to 2000 and were followed up at 3 and 6 years. All above biomarkers and gait speed data were measured at each of the three time points.

Associations of Adverse Childhood Experiences with Past-Year DSM-5 Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders in Older Adults.

Objectives: To examine the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the associations of ACEs with psychiatric and substance use disorders among older adults in the United States.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis of the 2012-2013 National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave III (NESARC-III).

Setting: Nationally representative drug-related health interview survey in the United States.

Health-care needs of older women prisoners: Perspectives of the health-care workers who care for them.

The proportion of older incarcerated women is growing, yet little is known regarding their health-care needs. Using focus group methodology, this study sought to elucidate the unique health-care needs of older women prisoners through the perspectives of correctional health-care providers. Three organizing themes emerged regarding the health of older women prisoners: (a) the meaning of being "older" in the prison setting; (b) challenges impacting correctional health-care workers' care delivery; and (c) unmet health-care-related needs.

Mental health treatment among older adults with mental illness on parole or probation.

Background: The number of older adults on parole and probation is growing at an unprecedented rate, yet little is known about the mental health needs and treatment utilization patterns among this group. The objective of this study is to compare the prevalence of serious or moderate mental illness (SMMI), and the proportion of those with SMMI who receive mental health treatment, among community-dwelling older adults on correctional supervision (parole or probation) vs. not on correctional supervision.

Associations of Hearing Loss and Depressive Symptoms With Incident Disability in Older Adults: Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study.

Background: Depressive symptoms and hearing loss (HL) are independently associated with increased risk of incident disability; whether the increased risk is additive is unclear.

Methods: Cox Proportional Hazards models were used to assess joint associations of HL (normal, mild, moderate/severe) and late-life depressive symptoms (defined by a score of ≥8 on the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale) with onset of mobility disability (a lot of difficulty or inability to walk ¼ mile and/or climb 10 steps) and any disability in activities of daily living (ADL), among 2,196 participants of the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study, a cohort of well-functioning older adults aged 70-79 years. Models were adjusted for age, race, sex, education, diabetes, hypertension, and body mass index.

Evaluation of Outcomes for a Skilled Nursing Facility for Persons Who are Difficult to Place.

Individuals with serious mental illness, prisoners, and ex-offenders needing skilled nursing facility (SNF)-level care are difficult to place in traditional SNFs. SNFs accepting these historically marginalized individuals may offer them a more appropriate level of care. We compared health services use (emergency room (ER) visits, acute hospitalizations), total number of antipsychotic medications prescribed, and quality-of-life indicators (depressive symptoms, cognition, resident behaviors), before and after admission, among 86 individuals admitted to a Connecticut SNF for persons difficult to place.