How Might We Tell if Advances in Diabetes Care and Technology are Helping People to Feel Less Constrained? Introducing the Diabetes Constraints Scale.

Background: Recent advances in diabetes care and technology, such as real-time continuous glucose monitoring, can help people live more freely, with more flexibility and fewer constraints, thereby enhancing quality of life (QOL). To date, there has been no validated means for measuring this key psychological dimension. We developed the Diabetes Constraints Scale (DCS) to assess perceived constraints pertaining to diabetes self-management.

The ubiquity of diabetes distress among adults with type 1 diabetes in an urban, academic practice: A template for intervention.

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the patterns of diabetes distress within an urban, technology-oriented academic clinical practice to inform staff training and intervention.

Methods: Adults with type 1 diabetes completed the Type 1 Diabetes Distress Scale at their regular clinic visit. Descriptive statistics were generated to document the prevalence of diabetes distress overall, and from seven primary sources of distress: powerlessness, disease management, hypoglycaemia, negative social perceptions, eating, physician and family/friends.

Hyperlactatemia in diabetic ketoacidosis.

Aims: The study examined the prevalence and degree of lactate elevation in diabetic ketoacidosis, and explored which biochemical abnormalities predicted L-lactate levels.

Methods: We reviewed episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis from 79 diabetes patients (one episode per patient). Separate univariate linear regression models were specified to predict lactate level from each of nine biochemical variables.

Measuring Explicit Instruction Using Classroom Observations of Student-Teacher Interactions (COSTI).

This article describes the development and technical adequacy of the Classroom Observations of Student Teacher Interactions (COSTI) instrument, a tool for measuring the frequency and rate of explicit instructional interactions, such as those used in Direct Instruction curricula, for teaching children basic reading and math skills. COSTI was originally developed to provide teachers with coaching feedback to improve their explicit reading instructional practices and has been shown in multiple studies to be a reliable and valid predictor of student gains in beginning reading and math skills. This article discusses potential uses of the instrument for training and coaching across curricula with varying instructional design features, and lays out a future research agenda to further improve COSTI and related observation tools for studying explicit instructional practices and their contribution to student learning.

Cellular and morphological changes with EAA supplementation before and after total knee arthroplasty.

Investigate the underlying cellular basis of muscle atrophy (Placebo) and atrophy reduction (essential amino acid supplementation, EAAs) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients by examining satellite cells and other key histological markers of inflammation, recovery, and fibrosis. Forty-one subjects (53-76 yr) scheduled for TKA were randomized into two groups, ingesting 20 g of EAAs or placebo, twice-daily, for 7 days before TKA and for 6 wk after surgery. A first set of muscle biopsies was obtained from both legs before surgery in the operating room, and patients were randomly assigned and equally allocated to have two additional biopsies at either 1 or 2 wk after surgery.

Essential Amino Acid Supplementation Mitigates Muscle Atrophy After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: Substantial muscle atrophy occurs after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), resulting in decreased strength and impaired mobility. We sought to determine whether perioperative supplementation with essential amino acids (EAA) would attenuate muscle atrophy following TKA and whether the supplements were safe for ingestion in an older surgical population.

Methods: We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of 39 adults (age range, 53 to 76 years) undergoing primary unilateral TKA who ingested 20 g of EAA (n = 19) or placebo (n = 20) twice daily for 7 days preoperatively and for 6 weeks postoperatively.

Cultural Adaptation of the Group Lifestyle Balance Program for Chinese Americans.

Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to develop and evaluate a culturally adapted, language-translated diabetes prevention program for Chinese Americans.

Methods: This pilot study had a single-group repeated-measures design. Participants were 25 first-generation (n = 20) or second-generation (n = 5) Chinese Americans at risk for diabetes because of overweight (using the Asian-specific criterion of body mass index ≥ 23) and either prediabetes or metabolic syndrome.

Acculturation and bicultural efficacy effects on Chinese American immigrants' diabetes and health management.

The primary goal of this study was to examine effects of bicultural efficacy, or perceived confidence in dealing with bicultural acculturation stressors, on type 2 diabetes management and health for first-generation, Cantonese-speaking, Chinese American immigrants (N = 162) recruited for a larger community-based diabetes intervention study (Chesla et al. in Res Nurs Health 36(4):359-372, 2013. doi: 10.

Sports Participation and Positive Correlates in African American, Latino, and White Girls.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine relations among sports participation and positive correlates across African American, Latino, and white girls. Positive correlate variables were self-perceptions (self-worth, body attractiveness, athletic competence), less depression, and participation in extracurricular activities.

Methods: The sample comprised 372 girls (mean age = 12.

Relations of Neighborhood Environment Influences, Physical Activity, and Active Transportation to/from School across African American, Latino American, and White Girls in the United States.

Background: Neighborhood environment influences may be particularly important for understanding physical activity (PA) patterns across ethnic subgroups of early adolescent girls.

Purpose: This study examined relationships between neighborhood variables, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and active transportation to/from school across African American, Latino American, and White early adolescent girls living in an urban/suburban community in the northwestern U.S.

Personal, Family, and Peer Correlates of General and Sport Physical Activity among African American, Latino, and White Girls.

This study examined associations between personal, family, and peer variables on objectively measured physical activity (PA), and sports participation, of African American, Latino, and white girls. Specific variables included barriers efficacy, parent PA, parent support of PA, the home exercise environment, friends' PA, and friends' support of PA. The sample comprised 372 girls (mean age = 12.

Causal and bidirectional linkages over time between depression and diabetes regimen distress in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: Diabetes regimen distress (RD) and depression are related constructs, however the nature of their relationship has not been explored over time, leading to difficulties differentiating between RD and depression and for selection of programs of care. We examined longitudinal associations between RD and depression to explicate the direction and mechanism of operation between these two constructs.

Methods: 392 adults with type 2 diabetes participated in a randomized control trial (RCT) to reduce diabetes distress.

Understanding the sources of diabetes distress in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: To identify the unique sources of diabetes distress (DD) for adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: Sources of DD were developed from qualitative interviews with 25 T1D adults and 10 diabetes health care providers. Survey items were then developed and analyzed using both exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory CFA) analyses on two patient samples.

School influences on the physical activity of African American, Latino, and White girls.

Background: The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of school-related variables on the physical activity (PA) levels of early adolescent African American, Latino, and White girls.

Methods: Data were collected from 353 African American (N = 123), Latino (N = 118), and White (N = 112) girls. Physical activity levels included a PA latent factor and minutes per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).

Minimal intervention needed for change: definition, use, and value for improving health and health research.

Much research focuses on producing maximal intervention effects. This has generally not resulted in interventions being rapidly or widely adopted or seen as feasible given resources, time, and expertise constraints in the majority of real-world settings. We present a definition and key characteristics of a minimum intervention needed to produce change (MINC).

Reductions in regimen distress are associated with improved management and glycemic control over time.

OBJECTIVE Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among regimen distress (RD), self-management, and glycemic control were undertaken to explore mechanisms of operation among these variables. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a behavioral randomized control trial (RCT) to reduce RD, 392 adults with type 2 diabetes were assessed for RD, diet, exercise, medication adherence, and HbA1c at baseline and at 4 and 12 months. Associations among RD, self-management, and HbA1c were examined in cross-sectional analyses at baseline, in prospective analyses using baseline values to predict change over time, and in time-varying analyses.

Essential amino acid supplementation in patients following total knee arthroplasty.

Background: By the year 2030, 3.48 million older U.S.

Understanding who benefits at each step in an internet-based diabetes self-management program: application of a recursive partitioning approach.

Background: Efforts to predict success in chronic disease management programs have been generally unsuccessful.

Objective: To identify patient subgroups associated with success at each of 6 steps in a diabetes self-management (DSM) program.

Design: Using data from a randomized trial, recursive partitioning with signal detection analysis was used to identify subgroups associated with 6 sequential steps of program success: agreement to participate, completion of baseline, initial website engagement, 4-month behavior change, later engagement, and longer-term maintenance.

Short-term administration of progesterone and estradiol independently alter carotid-vasomotor, but not carotid-cardiac, baroreflex function in young women.

The individual effects of estrogen and progesterone on baroreflex function remain poorly understood. We sought to determine how estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) independently alter the carotid-cardiac and carotid-vasomotor baroreflexes in young women by using a hormone suppression and exogenous add-back design. Thirty-two young women were divided into two groups and studied under three conditions: 1) after 4 days of endogenous hormone suppression with a gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist (control condition), 2) after continued suppression and 3 to 4 days of supplementation with either 200 mg/day oral progesterone (N = 16) or 0.

REDEEM: a pragmatic trial to reduce diabetes distress.

Objective: To compare three interventions to reduce diabetes distress (DD) and improve self-management among non-clinically depressed adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Research Design And Methods: In REDEEM, 392 adults with T2DM and DD were randomized to computer-assisted self-management (CASM), CASM plus DD-specific problem solving (CAPS), or a computer-administered minimal supportive intervention. Primary outcomes were Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) total, the Emotional Burden (EB) and Regimen Distress (RD) DDS subscales, and diet, exercise, and medication adherence.

Testing the efficacy of culturally adapted coping skills training for Chinese American immigrants with type 2 diabetes using community-based participatory research.

Chinese Americans demonstrate greater prevalence of diabetes than non-Hispanic whites and find standard diabetes care disregards their cultural health beliefs. Academic researchers and Chinatown agencies collaborated to culturally adapt and test an efficacious cognitive-behavioral intervention using community-based participatory research. Using a delayed-treatment repeated-measures design, 145 adult Chinese immigrants with Type 2 diabetes completed treatment.

Relative contributions of naturalistic and constructed support: two studies of women with type 2 diabetes.

Do distinct sources of social support have differential effects on health? Although previous research has contrasted family and friend support (naturalistic support), research on the relative effects of naturalistic support and constructed support (e.g., support groups) is extremely rare.

Adapting and RE-AIMing a heart disease prevention program for older women with diabetes.

Coronary heart disease is a pervasive public health problem with a heavy burden among older women. There is a need for developing effective interventions for addressing this problem and for evaluating the dissemination potential of such interventions. A multiple-behavior-change program originally designed for men with heart disease was adapted for women at high risk of heart disease in two randomized clinical trials-the Mediterranean Lifestyle Program and ¡Viva Bien!.