AdcAII of Streptococcus pneumoniae Affects Pneumococcal Invasiveness.

Across bacterial species, metal binding proteins can serve functions in pathogenesis in addition to regulating metal homeostasis. We have compared and contrasted the activities of zinc (Zn2+)-binding lipoproteins AdcA and AdcAII in the Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4 background. Exposure to Zn2+-limiting conditions resulted in delayed growth in a strain lacking AdcAII (ΔAdcAII) when compared to wild type bacteria or a mutant lacking AdcA (ΔAdcA).

Methotrexate for the Management of Crohn's Disease in Children.

Objective: To review the literature evaluating methotrexate as a treatment option for Crohn's disease (CD) in pediatric patients.

Data Sources: A search of PubMed electronic database (1966 to August 2015) and secondary resources was performed using the terms methotrexate, Crohn's, and inflammatory bowel disease. Other relevant articles cited within identified articles were also utilized.

Impact of an Intravenous Magnesium Shortage on Potassium Doses in Adult Surgical Patients Receiving Parenteral Nutrition.

Background: Shortages of parenteral nutrition (PN) components have been common in recent years. Effects on patient management and outcomes have not been well documented. This study aimed to determine the effect of a parenteral magnesium shortage, and an institutional decision to omit magnesium from adult PN, on magnesium and potassium doses and serum concentrations.

A pilot study assessing pharmacokinetics and tolerability of oral and intravenous baclofen in healthy adult volunteers.

Our objective was to characterize baclofen pharmacokinetics and safety given orally and intravenously. Twelve healthy subjects were enrolled in a randomized, open-label, crossover study and received single doses of baclofen: 3 or 5 mg given intravenously and 5 or 10 mg taken orally with a 48-hour washout. Blood samples for baclofen analysis were collected pre-dose and at regular intervals up to 24 hours post-dose.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous baclofen in dogs: a preliminary study.

Unlabelled: Abrupt discontinuation of baclofen therapy is associated with a clinically serious withdrawal syndrome. Current treatment modalities are often ineffective. Intravenous (IV) baclofen is a potential method for preventing or treating baclofen withdrawal syndrome.

Clinical tolerance and toxicity of intravenous baclofen: a pilot study in a canine model.

Objective: Assess safety and tolerance of intravenous (IV) baclofen using a dog model.

Design: Prospective pharmacokinetic study involving 6 adult dogs. Two dogs received baclofen 10 mg oral and IV bolus doses.

Pharmacogenetics of the organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2.

The solute carrier, human organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2, OATP-A, OATP1 and OATP) is highly expressed in the intestine, kidney, cholangiocytes and the blood-brain barrier. This localization suggests that OATP1A2 may be vitally important in the absorption, distribution and excretion of a broad array of clinically important drugs. Several nonsynonymous polymorphisms have been identified in the gene encoding OATP1A2, SLCO1A2 (SLC21A3), with some of these variants demonstrating functional changes in the transport of OATP1A2 substrates.