Incidental Diagnosis of Parathyroid Lesions by Preoperative Use of Next-Generation Molecular Testing.

Background: Parathyroid glands can mimic thyroid follicular lesions on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and can lead to unnecessary or incorrect surgery. Newer molecular panel tests using next-generation sequencing (NGS) include analysis of cell type-specific gene expression profiles such as parathyroid. The study aim is to determine the frequency and clinical implications of parathyroid tissue identification by molecular testing in cytologically indeterminate "thyroid" lesions.

Changes in Resident Graduate Characteristics in a Large Pathology Training Program, 1994 to 2013.

The field of pathology has changed dramatically over the recent decades and has become more complex with emphasis toward subspecialization. These changes potentially influence resident training as programs and trainees search for cutting-edge skills in the evolving field. Over the last 20 years, our institution's residency education was modified profoundly to emphasize subspecialty practice.

Thyroid nodules with KRAS mutations are different from nodules with NRAS and HRAS mutations with regard to cytopathologic and histopathologic outcome characteristics.

Background: Mutations in the RAS gene in the thyroid gland result in the activation of signaling pathways and are associated with a follicular growth pattern and the probability of a carcinoma outcome ranging from 74% to 87%. In the current study, the authors investigated the cytopathologic and histopathologic features of common RAS mutation subtypes.

Methods: Malignant, indeterminate, and selected benign thyroid cytology cases were tested prospectively for the presence of NRAS61, HRAS61, and KRAS12/13 mutations.