Developing Consensus on Clinical Outcomes for Children with Mild Pneumonia: A Delphi Study.

Background: The absence of consensus for outcomes in pediatric antibiotic trials is a major barrier to research harmonization and clinical translation. We sought to develop expert consensus on study outcomes for clinical trials of children with mild community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods: Applying the Delphi method, a multispecialty expert panel ranked the importance of various components of clinical response and treatment failure outcomes in children with mild CAP for use in research.

Fast skeletal myosin-binding protein-C regulates fast skeletal muscle contraction.

Fast skeletal myosin-binding protein-C (fMyBP-C) is one of three MyBP-C paralogs and is predominantly expressed in fast skeletal muscle. Mutations in the gene that encodes fMyBP-C, , are associated with distal arthrogryposis, while loss of fMyBP-C protein is associated with diseased muscle. However, the functional and structural roles of fMyBP-C in skeletal muscle remain unclear.

Stigma and abortion complications: stories from three continents.

Complications from abortion, while rare, are to be expected, as with any medical procedure. While the vast majority of serious abortion complications occur in parts of the world where abortion is legally restricted, legal access to abortion is not a guarantee of safety, particularly in regions where abortion is highly stigmatised. Women who seek abortion and caregivers who help them are universally negatively "marked" by their association with abortion.

Trusted Colleagues or Incompetent Hacks? Development of the Attitudes About Abortion-Providing Physicians Scale.

Background: Many physicians who provide abortion care report feeling marginalized within medicine. Because abortion care can require consultation with many types of physicians, physician opinions of providers may have implications for quality of care. However, no measure of physicians' attitudes about abortion-providing colleagues currently exists.

Evaluation of Abortion Stigma in the Workforce: Development of the Revised Abortion Providers Stigma Scale.

Objectives: We report on the development of a scale measuring abortion providers' experiences of stigma.

Study Design: Using previous measures, qualitative data, and expert review, we created a 49-item question pool. We administered questions to 315 abortion providers before participation in the Providers Share Workshop.

Eating attitudes and behaviours of students enrolled in undergraduate nutrition and dietetics degrees.

Aim: The prevalence of disordered eating has been frequently reported in university students; however, the prevalence amongst Australian undergraduate students studying degrees with a focus on nutrition is uncertain. The aims of this study were to: (i) assess eating attitudes and behaviours of students enrolled in nutrition and dietetics, (ii) compare those to students enrolled in another health degree of occupational therapy (OT) and (iii) explore possible relationships between eating attitudes and behaviours and other characteristics of both cohorts.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study investigated self-reported anthropometric characteristics, eating attitudes and behaviours and self-esteem using a series of questionnaires.

Prevalence of Exercise Addiction Symptomology and Disordered Eating in Australian Students Studying Nutrition and Dietetics.

Background: Previous research has reported the existence of disordered eating in students studying nutrition and dietetics. However, the occurrence of exercise addiction, previously linked to disordered eating, is poorly understood in this group.

Objective: The main objective of this study was to explore the prevalence of self-reported symptoms of exercise addiction and the association with disordered eating in a sample of students studying nutrition and dietetics.

Dangertalk: Voices of abortion providers.

Researchers have described the difficulties of doing abortion work, including the psychosocial costs to individual providers. Some have discussed the self-censorship in which providers engage in to protect themselves and the pro-choice movement. However, few have examined the costs of this self-censorship to public discourse and social movements in the US.

A design thinking approach to primary ovarian insufficiency.

Most clinicians are not prepared to provide integrated personal care to address all the clinical needs of women with primary ovarian insufficiency. Design thinking is an engineering methodology used to develop and evaluate novel concepts for systems operation. Here we articulate the need for a seamlessly integrated mobile health system to support genomic research as well as patient care.

The relationship between dietary intake and energy availability, eating attitudes and cognitive restraint in students enrolled in undergraduate nutrition degrees.

The aim of this research was to explore the relationship of total energy and macronutrient intake, energy balance and energy availability to eating attitudes and cognitive restraint in students enrolled in undergraduate nutrition degrees. Energy and micronutrient intake was assessed in 63 students (n = 50 nutrition, and n = 13 occupation therapy degrees; n = 51 females, n = 12 males) using three 24-h dietary recalls. Energy requirements were calculated based on measured resting metabolic rate, estimated exercise energy expenditure, and dietary induced thermogenesis.

Experiences With the Providers Share Workshop Method: Abortion Worker Support and Research in Tandem.

Abortion providers work in an environment characterized by the stresses of the helping professions as well as by the marginalization and devaluation that accompany work in a stigmatized field. We created the Providers Share Workshop (PSW), a five-session workshop carried out at seven abortion care sites around the United States, to support workers and better understand the complexities of working in abortion care. Qualitative analysis suggests that the experience of participating in the workshop fosters connection, and that the group process creates unique data about the abortion care team.

The effect of 6 h of running on brain activity, mood, and cognitive performance.

Long-duration exercise has been linked with the psychological model of flow. It is expected that the flow experience is characterized by specific changes in cortical activity, especially a transient hypofrontality, which has recently been connected with an increase in cognitive performance post-exercise. Nevertheless, data on neuro-affective and neuro-cognitive effects during prolonged exercise are rare.

Developing patient-centered teams: The role of sharing stories about patients and patient care.

Research indicates that health care teams are good for staff, patients, and organizations. The characteristics that make teams effective include shared objectives, mutual respect, clarity of roles, communication, trust, and collaboration. We were interested in examining how teams develop these positive characteristics.

RNA extraction from healthy and failing human myocardium: a comparative evaluation.

Background: Isolation of high-quality RNA from tissue is mandatory for producing reliable data for downstream applications. In heart tissue, the relative strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to isolate total RNA are unknown. The objective of this study was to compare different RNA isolation methods in healthy and diseased human myocardium.

Abortion providers, stigma and professional quality of life.

Objectives: The Providers Share Workshop (PSW) provides abortion providers safe space to discuss their work experiences. Our objectives were to assess changes in abortion stigma over time and explore how stigma is related to aspects of professional quality of life, including compassion satisfaction, burnout and compassion fatigue for providers participating in the workshops.

Study Design: Seventy-nine providers were recruited to the PSW study.

Measuring stigma among abortion providers: assessing the Abortion Provider Stigma Survey instrument.

We explored the psychometric properties of 15 survey questions that assessed abortion providers' perceptions of stigma and its impact on providers' professional and personal lives referred to as the Abortion Provider Stigma Survey (APSS). We administered the survey to a sample of abortion providers recruited for the Providers' Share Workshop (N = 55). We then completed analyses using Stata SE/12.

Why women are dying from unsafe abortion: narratives of Ghanaian abortion providers.

In Ghana, despite the availability of safe, legally permissible abortion services, high rates of morbidity and mortality from unsafe abortion persist. Through interviews with Ghanaian physicians on the front lines of abortion provision, we begin to describe major barriers to widespread safe abortion. Their stories illustrate the life-threatening impact that stigma, financial restraints, and confusion regarding abortion law have on the women of Ghana who seek abortion.

The experience of symptoms of depression in men vs women: analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.

Importance: When men are depressed they may experience symptoms that are different than what is included in the current diagnostic criteria.

Objective: To explore whether sex disparities in depression rates disappear when alternative symptoms are considered in the place of, or in addition to, more conventional depression symptoms. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Using data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, a nationally represented mental health survey, we evaluated sex differences in symptom endorsement in 2 new scales that included alternative depression symptoms.

Racial and ethnic differences in incident hospitalized heart failure in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative.

Background: The differences in the incidence of heart failure by race/ethnicity and the potential mechanisms for these differences are largely unexplored in women.

Methods And Results: A total of 156 143 postmenopausal women free of self-reported heart failure enrolled from 1993 to 1998 at 40 clinical centers throughout the United States as part of the Women's Health Initiative and were followed up until 2005, for an average of 7.8 years, for incident hospitalized heart failure.

Effects of myosin heavy chain manipulation in experimental heart failure.

The myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, alpha- and beta-MHC, are expressed in developmental- and chamber-specific patterns. Healthy human ventricle contains approximately 2-10% alpha-MHC and these levels are reduced even further in the failing ventricle. While down-regulation of alpha-MHC in failing myocardium is considered compensatory, we previously demonstrated that persistent transgenic (TG) alpha-MHC expression in the cardiomyocytes is cardioprotective in rabbits with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC).

Tobacco-related documentation in pediatric practice.

Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate tobacco-related documentation in children's medical records.

Method: A cross-sectional, consecutive sample of 4216 parents at 13 primary care practices was surveyed on demographics, health habits, and smoking status of household members. The medical records of 2085 children from a subsample of 1149 families (all households with smokers and a sample of nonsmoking households) were reviewed for tobacco-related documentation at the first visit to the practice and visits in the 14 months preceding recruitment.

Seconds for care: evaluation of five health supervision visit topics using a new method.

Objective: To describe content and time devoted to 5 preventive health topics during health supervision visits (HSVs).

Study Design: New software (Pediatric Health Supervision Timer Software, PHSTS) run in handheld computers was developed to record time and content while observing HSVs. 185 visits of children ages 2 to 10 years (58% Medicaid/self-pay) to 28 clinicians were observed at 6 practices.

Identification of overweight status is associated with higher rates of screening for comorbidities of overweight in pediatric primary care practice.

Objectives: The goals were to determine whether primary care provider identification of children as overweight was associated with additional screening or referrals and whether the types and numbers of visits to primary care differed for overweight and nonoverweight children.

Methods: Sequential parents/guardians at 13 diverse pediatric practices completed an in-office survey addressing health habits and demographic features. Medical records of each child from a sample of families were reviewed.