Significance: Clinicians and researchers would benefit from being able to predict the onset of myopia for an individual child. This report provides a model for calculating the probability of myopia onset, year-by-year and cumulatively, based on results from the largest, most ethnically diverse study of myopia onset in the United States.
Purpose: This study aimed to model the probability of the onset of myopia in previously nonmyopic school-aged children.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between peripheral defocus and pupil size on axial growth in children randomly assigned to wear either single vision contact lenses, +1.50 diopter (D), or +2.50 D addition multifocal contact lenses (MFCLs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To validate Pediatric Refractive Error Profile 2 (PREP2) subscales that can be used to evaluate contact lens wearers and compare vision-specific quality of life measurements between children wearing multifocal and single vision contact lenses for 2 weeks.
Methods: Two hundred and ninety-four myopic children aged 7-11 years (inclusive) were enrolled in the 3-year, double-masked Bifocal Lenses In Nearsighted Kids (BLINK) Study. Participants completed the PREP2 survey after having worn contact lenses for 2 weeks.
Purpose: To evaluate the time course of improvements in clinical convergence measures for children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency treated with office-based vergence/accommodative therapy.
Methods: We evaluated convergence measures from 205, 9- to 14-year-old children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency randomised to office-based vergence/accommodative therapy in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading Trial (CITT-ART). Near-point of convergence (NPC) and near-positive fusional vergence (PFV) were measured at baseline and after 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of therapy; mean change in NPC and PFV between these time points were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare axial and peripheral eye elongation during myopia therapy with multifocal soft contact lenses.
Methods: Participants were 294 children (177 [60.2%] girls) age 7 to 11 years old with between -0.
Significance: Combining 0.01% atropine with soft multifocal contact lenses (SMCLs) failed to demonstrate better myopia control than SMCLs alone.
Purpose: The Bifocal & Atropine in Myopia (BAM) Study investigated whether combining 0.
Significance: Children are being fitted at younger ages with soft contact lenses for myopia control. This 3-year investigation of adverse events related to contact lens wear in 7- to 11-year-old participants helps optometrists understand what to expect when fitting children with soft contact lenses.
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to report the frequency and type of ocular and nonocular adverse events related to soft contact lens wear in children.
Purpose: Meibomian glands (MG) are now easily imaged via clinical meibography machines. The purpose of this work was to explore the utility of the known MG morphology metrics for predicting dry eye disease (DED) in contact lens (CL) wearers.
Methods: Successful and previous CL wearers were recruited.
Significance: Physically unhealthy days assessments in national health surveillance datasets represent a useful metric for quantifying quality-of-life differences in those with and without vision impairment. Disproportionately poorer physical health in the visually impaired population provides further rationale for the inclusion of vision care in multidisciplinary approaches to chronic disease management.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the association between vision impairment and health-related quality of life using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
Purpose: To model juvenile-onset myopia progression as a function of race/ethnicity, age, sex, parental history of myopia, and time spent reading or in outdoor/sports activity.
Methods: Subjects were 594 children in the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Ethnicity and Refractive Error (CLEERE) Study with at least three study visits: one visit with a spherical equivalent (SPHEQ) less myopic/more hyperopic than -0.75 diopter (D), the first visit with a SPHEQ of -0.
Significance: This study presents the relationship between distance visual acuity and a range of uncorrected refractive errors, a complex association that is fundamental to clinical eye care and the identification of children needing refractive correction.
Purpose: This study aimed to analyze data from the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Ethnicity and Refractive Error Study to describe the relationship between distance uncorrected refractive error and visual acuity in children.
Methods: Subjects were 2212 children (51.
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt
January 2021
Purpose: To determine how multifocal contact lenses affect contact lens discomfort.
Methods: This randomised, participant-masked, crossover clinical trial fitted 84 uncomfortable soft contact lens wearers (30-40 years old) with single vision and multifocal contact lenses. Contact lens discomfort was assessed using the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8 (CLDEQ-8).
Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of office-based vergence/accommodative therapy for improving accommodative amplitude and accommodative facility in children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency and accommodative dysfunction.
Methods: We report changes in accommodative function following therapy among participants in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading Trial with decreased accommodative amplitude (115 participants in vergence/accommodative therapy; 65 in placebo therapy) or decreased accommodative facility (71 participants in vergence/accommodative therapy; 37 in placebo therapy) at baseline. The primary analysis compared mean change in amplitude and facility between the vergence/accommodative and placebo therapy groups using analyses of variance models after 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of treatment.
Importance: Slowing myopia progression could decrease the risk of sight-threatening complications.
Objective: To determine whether soft multifocal contact lenses slow myopia progression in children, and whether high add power (+2.50 D) slows myopia progression more than medium (+1.
Cont Lens Anterior Eye
December 2019
Purpose: To evaluate meibomian gland (MG) width and determine its impact on successful contact lens (CL) use and ocular health.
Methods: A five-site study was conducted by recruiting 18- to 45-year-old subjects who had dropped out of CLs because of discomfort. CL dropouts were compared to age- and sex-matched successful CL wearers.
Significance: The Bifocal & Atropine in Myopia (BAM) study aims to determine whether combining 0.01% atropine and +2.50-diopter add center-distance soft bifocal contact lenses (SBCL) slows myopia progression more than SBCL alone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Provide a detailed assessment of peripheral refractive error and peripheral eye length in myopic children.
Methods: Subjects were 294 children aged 7 to 11 years with -0.75 to -5.
Purpose: Contact lens (CL) dropout is estimated to be approximately equal to the number of new wearers per year, resulting in virtually no growth in the global CL market. The purpose of this study was to determine ocular and CL factors associated with CL dropout.
Methods: This five-site study recruited subjects 18-45 years of age who had ceased CL wear within the past 6-12 months due to discomfort.
Cont Lens Anterior Eye
February 2019
Purpose: The purpose of this survey was to better understand scleral lens (SL) practitioners' fitting preferences and minor SL complications and their subsequent treatments.
Method: Practitioners who attended the 2017 Global Specialty Lens Symposium were asked to complete an electronic questionnaire that was created by the investigators, a survey that asked practitioners about their SL fitting experience and preferences, their patients' experience with poor SL wetting, SL fogging, ocular symptoms (redness, pain/discomfort, dryness), and blurred central and side vision, and how the practitioners treated these conditions.
Results: This study analyzed data from 164 SL practitioners.
Purpose: This study reports on the ability of the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire to detect dry eye (DE) symptoms in contact lens (CL) and non-CL wearers.
Methods: The SPEED questionnaire was administered to all subjects while the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8 (CLDEQ-8) was only administered to CL wearers. Tear meniscus heights (TMH) were measured, and the phenol red thread (PRT) test was conducted.
Introduction: New designs of eye wash stations have been developed in which the direction of water flow from the fountain has been reversed, with two water streams originating nasally in both eyes and flowing toward the temporal side of each eye. No study has been done to determine the ideal direction of water flow coming from the eye wash in relation to the eye.
Materials And Methods: Ophthalmic eye examinations were conducted before and after the use of two eye wash stations with opposite water flow directionality.
Significance: Practitioners fitting contact lenses for myopia control frequently question whether a myopic child can achieve good vision with a high-add multifocal. We demonstrate that visual acuity is not different than spectacles with a commercially available, center-distance soft multifocal contact lens (MFCL) (Biofinity Multifocal "D"; +2.50 D add).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSignificance: The Bifocal Lenses In Nearsighted Kids (BLINK) study is the first soft multifocal contact lens myopia control study to compare add powers and measure peripheral refractive error in the vertical meridian, so it will provide important information about the potential mechanism of myopia control.
Purpose: The BLINK study is a National Eye Institute-sponsored, double-masked, randomized clinical trial to investigate the effects of soft multifocal contact lenses on myopia progression. This article describes the subjects' baseline characteristics and study methods.