Association of active coping to unfair treatment with perceived stress and depressive symptoms in African Americans: mh-grid study.

Background: Unfair treatment such as discrimination and racism contribute to depression and perceived stress in African Americans. Although studies have examined how responding to such treatment is associated with ameliorating depressive symptoms and levels of perceived stress, most do not focus on African Americans. The purpose of this study is to assess how talking to others in response to unfair treatment is associated with self-reported depressive symptoms and perceived stress levels in African Americans.

Lipid levels after childbirth and association with number of children: A population-based cohort study.

Objective: Low parity women are at increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. Unfavourable lipid profiles have been found in one-child mothers years before they conceive. However, it remains unclear whether unfavourable lipid profiles are evident in these women also after their first birth.

Risk of having one lifetime pregnancy and modification by outcome of pregnancy and perinatal loss.

Introduction: With increasing cesarean section rates, adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm delivery and small-for-gestational-age continue to be public health challenges. Besides having high co-occurrence and interrelation, it is suggested that these outcomes, along with preeclampsia, are associated with reduced subsequent fertility. On the other hand, the loss of a child during the perinatal period is associated with increased reproduction.

Women's prepregnancy lipid levels and number of children: a Norwegian prospective population-based cohort study.

Objective: To study prepregnancy serum lipid levels and the association with the number of children.

Design: Prospective, population-based cohort.

Setting: Linked data from the Cohort of Norway and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway.

Communicating with Daughters About Familial Risk of Breast Cancer: Individual, Family, and Provider Influences on Women's Knowledge of Cancer Risk.

Introduction: Women facing complex and uncertain situations such as cancer in their families may seek information from a variety of sources to gain knowledge about cancer risk and reduce uncertainty. We describe and assess the relative importance of information sources about familial breast cancer at the individual, family, and healthcare provider levels influencing women's reporting they had enough information to speak with daughters about breast cancer. This outcome we refer to as being informed about breast cancer.

The Sister Study Cohort: Baseline Methods and Participant Characteristics.

Background: The Sister Study was designed to address gaps in the study of environment and breast cancer by taking advantage of more frequent breast cancer diagnoses among women with a sister history of breast cancer and the presumed enrichment of shared environmental and genetic exposures.

Objective: The Sister Study sought a large cohort of women never diagnosed with breast cancer but who had a sister (full or half) diagnosed with breast cancer.

Methods: A multifaceted national effort employed novel strategies to recruit a diverse cohort, and collected biological and environmental samples and extensive data on potential breast cancer risk factors.

Season of Conception, Smoking, and Preeclampsia in Norway.

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a dangerous and unpredictable pregnancy complication. A seasonal pattern of risk would suggest that there are potentially preventable environmental contributors, but prior analyses have not adjusted for confounding by PE risk factors that are associated with season of conception.

Methods: Seasonal effects were modeled and tested by representing each day of the year as an angle on a unit circle and using trigonometric functions of those angles in predictive models, using "harmonic analysis.

Breast cancer and exposure to tobacco smoke during potential windows of susceptibility.

Purpose: An association between smoking and breast cancer is unresolved, although a higher risk from exposure during windows of susceptibility has been proposed. The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the association between tobacco smoke and breast cancer with a focus on timing of exposure, especially during early life.

Methods: Sister study participants (n = 50,884) aged 35-74 were enrolled from 2003 to 2009.

Lifetime Alcohol Intake, Binge Drinking Behaviors, and Breast Cancer Risk.

The prevalence of binge drinking in the United States is rising. While alcohol is a risk factor for breast cancer, less is known about the impact of episodic heavy drinking. In 2003-2009, women aged 35-74 years who were free of breast cancer were enrolled in the Sister Study (n = 50,884).

Pre-conception and prenatal alcohol exposure from mothers and fathers drinking and head circumference: results from the Norwegian Mother-Child Study (MoBa).

Although microcephaly is a feature of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, it is currently unknown whether low-to-moderate prenatal alcohol exposure affects head circumference. Small magnitude associations reported in observational studies are likely to be misleading due to confounding and misclassification biases. Alternative analytical approaches such as the use of family negative controls (e.

Maternal Smoking Status in Successive Pregnancies and Risk of Having a Small for Gestational Age Infant.

Background: Smoking during pregnancy is linked to having a small for gestational age (SGA) baby. We estimated SGA risk among women who smoked persistently, quit smoking or started smoking during their first two pregnancies.

Methods: Data from the population-based Medical Birth Registry of Norway was used to evaluate self-reported smoking at the beginning and end of two successive pregnancies among 118 355 Nordic women giving birth 1999-2014.

Long-term mortality in mothers with perinatal losses and risk modification by surviving children and attained education: a population-based cohort study.

Objective: To assess the association between perinatal losses and mother's long-term mortality and modification by surviving children and attained education.

Design: A population-based cohort study.

Setting: Norwegian national registries.

Maternal alcohol binge-drinking in the first trimester and the risk of orofacial clefts in offspring: a large population-based pooling study.

Using individual participant data from six population-based case-control studies, we conducted pooled analyses to examine maternal alcohol consumption and the risk of clefts among >4600 infants with cleft lip only, cleft lip with cleft palate, or cleft palate only and >10,000 unaffected controls. We examined two first-trimester alcohol measures: average number of drinks/sitting and maximum number of drinks/sitting, with five studies contributing to each analysis. Study-specific odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using logistic regression and pooled to generate adjusted summary ORs.

Passive Smoke Exposure as a Risk Factor for Oral Clefts-A Large International Population-Based Study.

Maternal cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor for oral clefts. Evidence is less clear for passive (secondhand) smoke exposure. We combined individual-level data from 4 population-based studies (the Norway Facial Clefts Study, 1996-2001; the Utah Child and Family Health Study, 1995-2004; the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, 1999-2009; and the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (United States), 1999-2007) to obtain 4,508 cleft cases and 9,626 controls.

High use of complementary and alternative medicine among a large cohort of women with a family history of breast cancer: the Sister Study.

Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is high among U.S. women, yet information is limited on use among women at increased breast cancer risk.

Association of Women's Reproductive History With Long-term Mortality and Effect of Socioeconomic Factors.

Objective: To assess the effects of socioeconomic factors on the association between parity and long-term maternal mortality.

Methods: This was a population-based cohort study of mothers with births registered in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway during the period 1967-2009. We estimated age-specific (40-69 years) cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality ratios by number of births using Cox proportional hazard models.

Breast Cancer Risk in Relation to Ambient Air Pollution Exposure at Residences in the Sister Study Cohort.

Background: Some but not all past studies reported associations between components of air pollution and breast cancer, namely fine particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2).

Migraine and possible etiologic heterogeneity for hormone-receptor-negative breast cancer.

Migraine headache is often timed with the menstrual cycle. Some studies have reported reduced risk of breast cancer in migraineurs but most of those did not distinguish menstrually-related from non-menstrually-related migraine. To examine the possible associations between breast cancer and migraine overall and between cancer subcategories and the two migraine subtypes, we used a cohort study of 50,884 women whose sister had breast cancer and a sister-matched case-control study including 1,418 young-onset (<50 years) breast cancer cases.

Risk factors for young-onset invasive and in situ breast cancer.

Purpose: Young-onset breast cancers tend to be more aggressive than later-onset tumors and may have different risk factor profiles. Among young-onset cases, there may also be etiologic differences between ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast cancer, particularly if some factors promote malignant transformation.

Methods: We evaluated the association between several potential risk factors and young-onset breast cancer in the Two Sister Study (2008-2010), a sister-matched case-control study involving 1,406 women diagnosed with breast cancer before age 50 (1,185 invasive, 221 DCIS) and 1,648 controls.

Season and preterm birth in Norway: A cautionary tale.

Background: Preterm birth is a common, costly and dangerous pregnancy complication. Seasonality of risk would suggest modifiable causes.

Methods: We examine seasonal effects on preterm birth, using data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (2,321,652 births), and show that results based on births are misleading and a fetuses-at-risk approach is essential.

In utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol and blood DNA methylation in women ages 40-59 years from the sister study.

In utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) has been associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes such as fertility problems and vaginal as well as breast cancer. Animal studies have linked prenatal DES exposure to lasting DNA methylation changes. We investigated genome-wide DNA methylation and in utero DES exposure in a sample of non-Hispanic white women aged 40-59 years from the Sister Study, a large United States cohort study of women with a family history of breast cancer.

Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure and Blood Pressure in the Sister Study.

Background: Exposure to air pollution has been consistently associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but mechanisms remain uncertain. Associations with blood pressure (BP) may help to explain the cardiovascular effects of air pollution.

Objective: We examined the cross-sectional relationship between long-term (annual average) residential air pollution exposure and BP in the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences' Sister Study, a large U.