Innate and adaptive immune gene expression in the brain is associated with neuropathological changes after infection with bovine alpha-herpesvirus-5 in mice.

Bovine alpha herpesvirus-5 (BoAHV-5) is related to the development of meningoencephalitis in cattle. Very little is known about the molecular pathways involved in the central nervous system (CNS) damage associated with inflammation during BoHV-5 infection in mice. To better identify the specific immunological pathways triggered by BoAHV-5 infection in mice, we evaluated the mRNA expression of 84 genes involved in innate and adaptive immune responses.

Campomanesia lineatifolia Ruiz & Pavón (Myrtaceae): Isolation of major and minor compounds of phenolic-rich extract by high-speed countercurrent chromatography and anti-inflammatory evaluation.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Campomanesia lineatifolia Ruiz & Pavón (Myrtaceae), an edible species found in Brazilian Forest, possesses leaves that are traditionally used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in Brazil. Extracts of C. lineatifolia are rich in phenolics and exhibit antioxidant, and gastric antiulcer properties.

Neuroserpin: A potential biomarker for early-onset severe preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disease of pregnancy associated with intense inflammatory and pro-coagulant responses. Neuroserpin is a serine protease inhibitor that has been involved in neurological and immune processes and has not yet been investigated in preeclampsia. Herein, we evaluated neuroserpin levels in association with other inflammatory mediators (IL-17A, IL-33, and CXCL-16) during severe preeclampsia.

Blocking the HGF-MET pathway induces resolution of neutrophilic inflammation by promoting neutrophil apoptosis and efferocytosis.

Inflammation resolution is an active process that involves cellular events such as apoptosis and efferocytosis, which are key steps in the restoration of tissue homeostasis. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a growth factor mostly produced by mesenchymal-origin cells and has been described to act via MET receptor tyrosine kinase. The HGF/MET axis is essential for determining the progression and severity of inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders.

Targeting the Annexin A1-FPR2/ALX pathway for host-directed therapy in dengue disease.

Host immune responses contribute to dengue's pathogenesis and severity, yet the possibility that failure in endogenous inflammation resolution pathways could characterise the disease has not been contemplated. The pro-resolving protein Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is known to counterbalance overexuberant inflammation and mast cell (MC) activation. We hypothesised that inadequate AnxA1 engagement underlies the cytokine storm and vascular pathologies associated with dengue disease.

Annexin-A1-Derived Peptide Ac2-26 Suppresses Allergic Airway Inflammation and Remodelling in Mice.

Annexin-A1 (AnxA1) and its N-terminal derived peptide Ac2-26 regulate the inflammatory response in several experimental models of disorders. This study evaluated the effect of endogenous AnxA1 and its N-terminal peptide Acetyl 2-26 (Ac2-26) on allergic asthma triggered by house dust mite (HDM) extract in mice. 1 and wildtype (WT) mice were exposed to intranasal instillation of HDM every other day for 3 weeks, with analyses performed 24 h following the last exposure.

Pro-resolving therapies as potential adjunct treatment for infectious diseases: Evidence from studies with annexin A1 and angiotensin-(1-7).

Infectious diseases, once believed to be an eradicable public health threat, still represent a leading cause of death worldwide. Environmental and social changes continuously favor the emergence of new pathogens and rapid dissemination around the world. The limited availability of anti-viral therapies and increased antibiotic resistance has made the therapeutic management of infectious disease a major challenge.

cis-Aconitic Acid, a Constituent of Echinodorus grandiflorus Leaves, Inhibits Antigen-Induced Arthritis and Gout in Mice.

-Aconitic acid is a constituent from the leaves of , a medicinal plant traditionally used in Brazil to treat inflammatory conditions, including arthritic diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-arthritic effect of -aconitic acid in murine models of antigen-induced arthritis and monosodium urate-induced gout. The possible underlying mechanisms of action was evaluated in THP-1 macrophages.

A Biosafety Level 2 Mouse Model for Studying Betacoronavirus-Induced Acute Lung Damage and Systemic Manifestations.

The emergence of life-threatening zoonotic diseases caused by betacoronaviruses, including the ongoing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, has highlighted the need for developing preclinical models mirroring respiratory and systemic pathophysiological manifestations seen in infected humans. Here, we showed that C57BL/6J wild-type mice intranasally inoculated with the murine betacoronavirus murine hepatitis coronavirus 3 (MHV-3) develop a robust inflammatory response leading to acute lung injuries, including alveolar edema, hemorrhage, and fibrin thrombi. Although such histopathological changes seemed to resolve as the infection advanced, they efficiently impaired respiratory function, as the infected mice displayed restricted lung distention and increased respiratory frequency and ventilation.

Longitudinal assessment of leukotriene B4, lipoxin A4, and resolvin D1 plasma levels in pregnant women with risk factors for preeclampsia.

Objectives: We carried out a longitudinal study to compare leukotriene B4 (LTB4), lipoxin A4 (LXA4), and resolvin D1 (RvD1) levels in pregnant women with risk factors for PE - who did (N = 11) or did not develop (N = 17) this clinical condition.

Design & Methods: For both groups, plasma levels of the lipid mediators were measured using immunoassays at 12-19, 20-29, and 30-34 weeks of gestation.

Results: LTB4 tended to be upregulated throughout gestation in women who developed PE.

Biochanin A Regulates Key Steps of Inflammation Resolution in a Model of Antigen-Induced Arthritis via GPR30/PKA-Dependent Mechanism.

Biochanin A (BCA) is a natural organic compound of the class of phytochemicals known as flavonoids and isoflavone subclass predominantly found in red clover (). It has anti-inflammatory activity and some pro-resolving actions, such as neutrophil apoptosis. However, the effect of BCA in the resolution of inflammation is still poorly understood.

The Annexin A1/FPR2 pathway controls the inflammatory response and bacterial dissemination in experimental pneumococcal pneumonia.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of community-acquired pneumonia leading to high mortality rates. Inflammation triggered by pneumococcal infection is necessary for bacterial clearance but must be spatially and temporally regulated to prevent further tissue damage and bacterial dissemination. Annexin A1 (AnxA1) mainly acts through Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 (FPR2) inducing the resolution of inflammation.

Minocycline treatment prevents depression and anxiety-like behaviors and promotes neuroprotection after experimental ischemic stroke.

Depression and anxiety have been reported as the major neuropsychiatric consequences following stroke. Minocycline, a neuroprotective drug has minimized depressive symptoms in patients with major depressive disorders and anxiety-like symptoms. In addition, minocycline demonstrated efficacy and seemed a promising neuroprotective agent in acute stroke patients.

Pre-eclampsia is associated with reduced resolvin D1 and maresin 1 to leukotriene B4 ratios in the plasma.

Problem: Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids can be endogenously converted into mediators with pro-inflammatory (eg, leukotriene B4/LTB4) or anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving activities (eg, resolvin D1/RvD1 and maresin 1/MaR1). Recent data indicate an imbalance of LTB4 and MaR1 levels in pre-eclampsia (PE), but the relative production of these mediators, including RvD1, and the role of these mediators in the disease pathogenesis remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the plasma levels of LTB4, RvD1, and MaR1 in pregnant women with or without PE and non-pregnant controls and their association with clinical/laboratory parameters of PE women.

Inflammatory and Pro-resolving Mediators in Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease.

Chronic inflammation contributes to neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here we evaluated inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators in AD and behavioural variant of FTD (bvFTD) patients compared with controls, since neuroinflamamtion is a common feature in both diseases. Ninety-eight subjects were included in this study, divided into AD (n = 32), bvFTD (n = 30), and control (n = 36) groups.

Angiotensin-(1-7) and Alamandine Promote Anti-inflammatory Response in Macrophages and .

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) peptides play an important role in inflammation. Resolution of inflammation contributes to restore tissue homeostasis, and it is characterized by neutrophil apoptosis and their subsequent removal by macrophages, which are remarkable plastic cells involved in the pathophysiology of diverse inflammatory diseases. However, the effects of RAS peptides on different macrophage phenotypes are still emerging.

Eosinophil-Associated Innate IL-17 Response Promotes s Lung Pathology.

is a common widespread microorganism with environmental, biological and clinical relevance. After inhalation, swollen conidia can germinate, colonize and invade pulmonary tissues. Eosinophils have been described as key cells in lung infection.

Annexin A1 and specialized proresolving lipid mediators: promoting resolution as a therapeutic strategy in human inflammatory diseases.

The timely resolution of inflammation is essential to restore tissue homeostasis and to avoid chronic inflammatory diseases. Resolution of inflammation is an active process modulated by various proresolving mediators, including annexin A1 (AnxA1) and specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs), which counteract excessive inflammatory responses and stimulate proresolving mechanisms. Areas covered: The protective effects of AnxA1 and SPMs have been extensively explored in pre-clinical animal models.

Resolution of inflammation, n-3 fatty acid supplementation and Alzheimer disease: A narrative review.

In patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a persistent and unresolved neuroinflammatory process can contribute to neuronal loss and a decline in their cognitive and functional abilities. Recent studies have demonstrated that the ability to resolve inflammation is impaired in the brains of patients with AD. Preclinical evidence demonstrates the potential of therapeutic interventions on the resolution phase of inflammation in AD.

Intestinal toxicity evaluation of long-circulating and pH-sensitive liposomes loaded with cisplatin.

Cisplatin (CDDP) is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used in several anticancer protocols for instance head and neck, testicle, ovarian, lung and peritoneal carcinomatosis. According to the literature, the use of CDDP is associated with several side effects; among them, we highlighted the mucositis. CDDP, when administered by IP, promoted significant intestinal epithelium alterations in an experimental model.

Resolution of inflammation pathways in preeclampsia-a narrative review.

Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. This disease is believed to occur in two stages with placental dysfunction in early pregnancy leading to maternal clinical findings after 20 weeks of gestation, as consequence of systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Much evidence suggests that PE women display an overshooting inflammatory response throughout pregnancy due to an unbalanced regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses.

Knockdown of C-C Chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5) is Protective Against Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury.

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability of adults worldwide. Inflammatory processes are known to contribute to the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, especially following reperfusion. Chemokines and their receptors are involved in migration of leukocytes and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.

Decreased plasma concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in preeclampsia.

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a disease characterized by excessive maternal inflammatory response. Early studies suggested that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) modulates inflammation. The main objective of this study was to investigate BDNF plasma concentrations in PE women and to compare with BDNF concentrations from normotensive pregnant women.

Platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) plays a crucial role in experimental global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.

Stroke is one of the most frequent causes of death and disability worldwide leading to a significant clinical and socioeconomic burden. Although different mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of stroke, inflammatory response occurs after ischemia and contributes to the expansion of brain injury. Platelet-activating factor receptor (PAF) plays crucial roles in both physiological and pathological conditions in the brain.