Mechanisms by Which Exogenous Substances Enhance Plant Salt Tolerance through the Modulation of Ion Membrane Transport and Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism.

Soil salinization is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting plant growth and development. Plant salt tolerance is controlled by complex metabolic pathways. Exploring effective methods and mechanisms to improve crop salt tolerance has been a key aspect of research on the utilization of saline soil.

Identification of immune-associated biomarker for predicting lung adenocarcinoma: bioinformatics analysis and experiment verification of PTK6.

Background: Abnormal expression of protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) has been proven to be involved in the development of gynecological tumors. However, its immune-related carcinogenic mechanism in other tumors remains unclear.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify PTK6 as a novel prognostic biomarker in pan-cancer, especially in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), which is correlated with immune infiltration, and to clarify its clinicopathological and prognostic significance.

Event-Triggered Mechanism-Based Discrete-Time Nash Equilibrium Seeking for Graphic Game With Outlier-Resistant ESO.

In this article, we consider a discrete-time Nash equilibrium (NE) seeking problem for graphic game subject to disturbances. For the first-order dynamics, the discrete-time outlier-resistant extended state observer (ESO)-based game strategy is proposed to enable the players to estimate the disturbances under effect of anomaly measurements and then compensate them. An event-triggered mechanism is applied between adjacent players to reduce the frequency of communication.

HPV16 infection promotes the malignant transformation of the esophagus and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) may be correlated with HPV infection, and the mechanism underlying the ESCC formation induced by HPV16 infection remains elusive. Here, we overexpressed HPV16 E6 and E7 and coordinated the overexpression of these two genes in EPC2 and ESCC cells. We found that E7 and coordinated expression of E6 and E7 promoted the proliferation of EPC2 cells, and upregulation of shh was responsible for cell proliferation since the use of vismodegib led to the failure of organoid formation.

GABA Metabolism, Transport and Their Roles and Mechanisms in the Regulation of Abiotic Stress (Hypoxia, Salt, Drought) Resistance in Plants.

γ- Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a ubiquitous four-carbon non-protein amino acid. In plants, GABA is found in different cell compartments and performs different metabolic functions. As a signalling molecule, GABA participates in the regulation of tolerance to various abiotic stresses.

Silica nanoparticle-based dual-responsive nanoprodrug system for liver cancer therapy.

A thiol-terminated polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-paclitaxel (PTX) conjugate was synthesized and utilized to construct a novel drug delivery system with thiol-functionalized silica nanoparticles (SLNs) to improve the overall performance of PTX in liver cancer therapy. Drug loading was performed by coating the PTX conjugate on the surface of SLNs. The PTX-PEG/SLNs showed a binary responsive drug release behavior to esterase as well as high concentrations of glutathione.