Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin
March 2025
Tissue-level brain injury criteria are essential for analyzing brain injuries using finite element head models (FEHMs), but their consistency remains unclear. This study applied the data-driven method previously proposed for maximum principal strain (MPS) injury criterion to determine thresholds for von Mises stress (VMS), pressure, maximum shear stress (MSS), and the rate of MPS. It then assessed the consistency of these criteria in terms of injury status, injury location, and injury overlap rate in 18 impact simulations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSevere damage to cement asphalt mortar (CA mortar) can compromise the stability and safety of high-speed railway operations due to various complex factors during service. The loads from high-speed trains and temperature gradients within the ballastless track structure are significant contributors to this damage. However, most previous studies have focused on laboratory tests or numerical simulations under simple loading conditions, while few have investigated the damage evolution of CA mortar when both train loads and temperature gradients are considered simultaneously.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe proper development of grana and stroma within chloroplasts is critical for plant vitality and crop yield in rice and other cereals. While the molecular mechanisms underpinning these processes are known, the genetic networks governing them require further exploration. In this study, we characterize a novel rice mutant termed (), which presents with yellow, lesion-like leaves and a dwarf growth habit.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVolatile fatty acid derivatives (VFADs) play a significant role in contributing to flowery-fruity flavor black tea. Innovative black tea is typically crafted from aroma-intensive tea cultivars, such as Jinmudan, using defined production methodologies. In this study, the during-processing tea leaves of innovative black tea were applied as materials, and we selected a total of 45 VFADs, comprising 11 derived aldehydes, nine derived alcohols, and 25 derived esters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Issues Mol Biol
September 2024
Heading date is a critical physiological process in rice that is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The photoperiodic pathway is a primary regulatory mechanism for rice heading, with key florigen genes (Heading date 3a) and (RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1) playing central roles. Upstream regulatory pathways, including and , also significantly impact this process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough the finite element head model (FEHM) has been widely utilized to analyze injury locations and patterns in traumatic brain injury, significant controversy persists regarding the selection of a mechanical injury variable and its corresponding threshold. This paper aims to determine an objective injury threshold for maximum principal strain (MPS) through a novel data-driven method, and to validate and apply it. We extract the peak responses from all elements across 100 head impact simulations to form a dataset, and then determine the objective injury threshold by analyzing the relationship between the combined injury degree and the threshold according to the stationary value principle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRice blast caused by the pathogenic fungus poses a significant threat to rice cultivation. The identification of robust resistance germplasm is crucial for breeding resistant varieties. In this study, we employed functional molecular markers for 10 rice blast resistance genes, namely , , , , , , , , , and , to assess blast resistance across 91 rice backbone varieties in South China.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe high-speed impact-resistanct materials are of great significance while their development is hindered by the intrinsic tradeoff between mechanical strength and energy dissipation capability. Herein, the new chemical system of molecular granular material (MGM) is developed for the design of impact-resistant materials from the supramolecular complexation of sub-nm molecular clusters (MCs) and hyper-branched polyelectrolytes. Their hierarchical aggregation provides the origin of the decoupling of mechanical strengths and structural relaxation dynamics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPremature leaf senescence significantly reduces rice yields. Despite identifying numerous factors influencing these processes, the intricate genetic regulatory networks governing leaf senescence demand further exploration. We report the characterization of a stably inherited, ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)-induced rice mutant with wilted leaf tips from seedling till harvesting, designated .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElectrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing is a widely employed technology to create high-resolution patterns and thus has enormous potential for circuit production. However, achieving both high conductivity and high resolution in printed polymer electrodes is a challenging task. Here, by modulating the aggregation state of the conducting polymer in the solution and solid phases, a stable and continuous jetting of PEDOT:PSS is realized, and high-conductivity electrode arrays are prepared.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe " to " initiative in China focuses on adapting rice varieties from the northeast to the unique photoperiod and temperature conditions of lower latitudes. While breeders can select varieties for their adaptability, the sensitivity to light and temperature often complicates and prolongs the process. Addressing the challenge of cultivating high-yield, superior-quality rice over expanded latitudinal ranges swiftly, in the face of these sensitivities, is critical.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Although the Head Injury Criteria (HIC) has been widely applied to assess head impact injuries, it faces two outstanding problems: 1) HIC is affected strongly by the cut-off frequency when processing acceleration signals. And these cut-off frequencies are experiential and lack unified guidelines; 2) If the head was impacted on a different part, should the corresponding HIC threshold be the same? If these problems are not resolved, it could potentially lead to a critical misinterpretation of the safety assessment.
Methods: Finite element method was used to reconstruct head impacts.
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method proves to be more effective compared to traditional extraction methods. In the present study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimal process parameters for extracting polysaccharides (U-MCP) from jaboticaba fruit using UAE. The optimum extraction conditions were ultrasonic time 70 min, extraction temperature 60 °C, and power 350 W.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Many studies have found that miR-26a-5p plays an essential role in the progression of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, however, there is still no evidence on whether miR-26a-5p is related to the activation of autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome. And the mechanism of miR-26a-5p and NLRP3 inflammasome aggravating pathological cardiac hypertrophy remain unclear.
Methods: Cardiomyocytes were treated with 200µM PE to induce cardiac hypertrophy and intervened with 10mM NLRP3 inhibitor INF39.
Chilling stress seriously limits grain yield and quality worldwide. However, the genes and the underlying mechanisms that respond to chilling stress remain elusive. This study identified ABF1, a cold-induced transcription factor of the bZIP family.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Rice flowering is a major agronomic trait, determining yield and ecological adaptability in particular regions. ABA plays an essential role in rice flowering, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely elusive.
Objectives: In this study, we demonstrated a "SAPK8-ABF1-Ehd1/Ehd2" pathway, through which exogenous ABA represses rice flowering in a photoperiod-independent manner.
Occidiofungin is a highly effective antifungal glycopeptide produced by certain strains. The gene cluster, responsible for occidiofungin biosynthesis, is regulated by the cluster-specific regulators encoded by an homolog(s) within the same gene cluster, while the extent to which occidiofungin biosynthesis is connected with the core regulation network remains unknown. Here, we report that the LysR-type regulator BysR acts as a pleiotropic regulator and is essential for occidiofungin biosynthesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSize irregularity gradient and cell wall gradient, combined as the density gradient in previous studies, affect the macroscopic mechanical properties of the gradient metal foam. More and more complex mesostructures are designed and applied in metal foams, and the density gradient becomes insufficient to describe the difference in mesostructures. To explore the effect of mesostructures carefully, this study focuses on the effect of the size irregularity gradient on the macroscopic compressive properties of metal foams.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this work, we investigated the dynamics of hydrogels from the polyelectrolyte complexation of sodium hyaluronate (HA) and chitosan under various temperature and salt concentration. Raising temperature and adding salt remarkably reduce the mechanical behavior of hydrogels. The stress relaxation of semi-flexible chain segments is accelerated at high temperature and salt concentration, which is controlled by thermally activated bond disassociation process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTre6P (trehalose-6-phosphate) mediates sensing of carbon availability to maintain sugar homeostasis in plants, which underpins crop yield and resilience. However, how Tre6P responds to fluctuations in sugar levels and regulates the utilization of sugars for growth remains to be addressed. Here, we report that the sugar-inducible rice NAC transcription factor OsNAC23 directly represses the transcription of the Tre6P phosphatase gene TPP1 to simultaneously elevate Tre6P and repress trehalose levels, thus facilitating carbon partitioning from source to sink organs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGibberellins (GAs) are diterpenoid phytohormones regulating various aspects of plant growth and development, such as internode elongation and seed germination. Although the GA biosynthesis pathways have been identified, the transcriptional regulatory network of GA homeostasis still remains elusive. Here, we report the functional characterization of a GA-inducible in GA biosynthesis underpinning plant height and seed germination.
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