[Real-world Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Pembrolizumab in the Treatment of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer].

Background: Pembrolizumab (PEM) has been shown to be effective in clinical trials for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but clinical trials were based on cohorts of patients selected on specific criteria, and whether the findings are consistent with real-world patients is debatable. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PEM in the treatment of advanced NSCLC based on real-world data.

Methods: A retrospective collection of real-world data from patients with advanced NSCLC receiving PEM was conducted.

Telomere-to-telomere Genome Assembly of two representative Asian and European pear cultivars.

As the third most important temperate fruit, Pear (Pyrus spp.) exhibits a remarkable genetic diversity and is classified into two mainly categories known as Asian pear and European pear. Although several pear genomes are available, most of the released versions are fragmented and not chromosome-level high-quality.

The role of forkhead box M1-methionine adenosyltransferase 2 A/2B axis in liver inflammation and fibrosis.

Methionine adenosyltransferase 2 A (MAT2A) and MAT2B are essential for hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) transgenic mice develop liver inflammation and fibrosis. Here we examine if they crosstalk in male mice.

A prediction model based on high serum SH2B1 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Identifying a specific biomarker will facilitate the diagnosis and prediction of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to investigate the serum SH2B1 in patients with NSCLC and healthy volunteers and establish a novel prediction model.

Methods: A total 103 NSCLC patients and 108 healthy volunteers were selected from December 2019 to December 2020.

MafG/MYH9-LCN2 axis promotes liver fibrosis through inhibiting ferroptosis of hepatic stellate cells.

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) secrete extracellular matrix for collagen deposition, contributing to liver fibrosis. Ferroptosis is a novel type of programmed cell death induced by iron overload-dependent lipid peroxidation. Regulation of ferroptosis in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) may have therapeutic potential for liver fibrosis.

Coexpression of TP53, BIM, and PTEN Enhances the Therapeutic Efficacy of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

For non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the ubiquitous occurrence of concurrent multiple genomic alterations poses challenges to single-gene therapy. To increase therapeutic efficacy, we used the branch-PCR method to develop a multigene nanovector, NP-TP53-BIM-PTEN, that carried three therapeutic gene expression cassettes for coexpression. NP-TP53-BIM-PTEN exhibited a uniform size of 104.

Association of high LDL concentrations with erectile dysfunction from a Mendelian randomization study.

Lipid metabolism plays a key role in erectile dysfunction. Our purpose was to evaluate the influence of lipid-lowering drugs on erectile dysfunction employing a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Genetic instruments were employed to represent the exposure of lipid-lowering drugs.

Specific functions of single pistil S-RNases in S-gene homozygous Pyrus germplasm.

Gametophytic self-incompatibility (SI) is regulated by S-allele recognition; that is, pollen in a style with the same S-genotype will undergo programmed cell death and stop growing so that it is unable to complete double fertilization, ultimately resulting in the SI response. S-RNase is the female determinant of SI in pear (Pyrus). In the Pyrus genome, there are two different S-RNase alleles at the S-locus, which generate two different S-RNase products in the pistil.

Corrigendum: Regulatory network and interplay of hepatokines, stellakines, myokines and adipokines in nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.

Lipid droplet-specific near-infrared fluorescent probe for discriminating cancer and normal cells and diagnosing fatty liver.

Lipid droplets (LDs) is a newly essential organelle, which participates in carious physiological and pathological processes. LDs are considered as potential markers for disease diagnosis. Specific imaging of LDs is useful to understand their basic biological function and to diagnose diseases.

Comprehensive analysis of necroptosis-related lncRNA signature with potential implications in tumor heterogeneity and prediction of prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Necroptosis has been reported to play a critical role in occurrence and progression of cancer. The dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is associated with the progression and metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). However, research on necroptosis-related lncRNAs in the tumor heterogeneity and prognosis of CCRCC is not completely unclear.

Laser capture microdissection-based spatiotemporal transcriptomes uncover regulatory networks during seed abortion in seedless Ponkan (Citrus reticulata).

Seed abortion is an important process in the formation of seedless characteristics in citrus fruits. However, the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying citrus seed abortion is poorly understood. Laser capture microdissection-based RNA-seq combined with Pacbio-seq was used to profile seed development in the Ponkan cultivars 'Huagan No.

The effects of chemotherapy, primary tumor location and histological subtype on the survival of stage III colon cancer patients.

Objective: Colon cancer (CC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and has a poor prognosis. Surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy is the standard treatment strategy for stage III CC patients. Primary tumor location (PTL) is an important factor for the long-term survival of CC.

Cuproptosis Depicts Immunophenotype and Predicts Immunotherapy Response in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Background: Although significant progress has been made in immunotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), there is an urgent need to identify effective indicators to screen patients who are suitable for immunotherapy. Systematically investigating the cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in LUAD may provide new ideas for patients' immunotherapy stratification.

Method: We comprehensively analyzed the landscape of 12 CRGs in a merged TCGA and GEO LUAD cohort.

Effectiveness and safety of pembrolizumab for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer in real-world studies and randomized controlled trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have confirmed the favorable clinical benefit of pembrolizumab in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, considering the strict inclusion and exclusion criteria in clinical research, there are certain differences between patients in the real-world, it is unclear whether the findings of clinical trials are fully representative of the treatment efficacy in patients who will eventually use it. Therefore, to further comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in NSCLC, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis based on the latest RCTs and real-world studies (RWSs).

Bioinformatics construction and experimental validation of a cuproptosis-related lncRNA prognostic model in lung adenocarcinoma for immunotherapy response prediction.

Cuproptosis is a newly form of cell death. Cuproptosis related lncRNA in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has also not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to construct a prognostic signature based on cuproptosis-related lncRNA in LUAD and investigate its association with immunotherapy response.

The role and regulation of Maf proteins in cancer.

The Maf proteins (Mafs) belong to basic leucine zipper transcription factors and are members of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) superfamily. There are two subgroups of Mafs: large Mafs and small Mafs, which are involved in a wide range of biological processes, such as the cell cycle, proliferation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Therefore, dysregulation of Mafs can affect cell fate and is closely associated with diverse diseases.

DNA methylation-mediated silencing of Neuronatin promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

Aims: To explore the methylation status, function, and underlying mechanism of the imprinted gene Neuronatin (NNAT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression.

Main Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to evaluate the expression of NNAT in HCC samples. Bisulfite genomic sequencing PCR (BSP) was applied to examine the methylation status of the NNAT promoter.

Regulatory Networks, Management Approaches, and Emerging Treatments of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex and diverse, involving multiple signaling pathways and cytokines from various organs. Hepatokines, stellakines, adipokines, and myokines secreted by hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, adipose tissue, and myocytes play an important role in the occurrence and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-B) contributes to the progression of NAFLD by mediating liver inflammation, immune response, hepatocyte death, and later compensatory proliferation.

Multiple-Gene Regulation for Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy with Branch-PCR-Assembled TP53 and MYC Gene Nanovector.

Multiple proteins are involved in network regulation through the crosstalk of different signaling pathways in cancers. Here, we propose a novel strategy of genome therapy with branch-PCR-assembled gene nanovectors to perform network-based gene regulation at multiple levels for cancer therapy. To validate network-based multiplex-gene regulation for genome therapy, we chose to simultaneously target one tumor suppressor gene () and one oncogene () in two different signaling pathways.

Regulatory network and interplay of hepatokines, stellakines, myokines and adipokines in nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Fatty liver disease is a spectrum of liver pathologies ranging from simple hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and culminating with the development of cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex and diverse, and there is a lack of effective treatment measures. In this review, we address hepatokines identified in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH, including the signaling of FXR/RXR, PPARα/RXRα, adipogenesis, hepatic stellate cell activation/liver fibrosis, AMPK/NF-κB, and type 2 diabetes.

S-acylthioalkyl ester (SATE)-based prodrugs of deoxyribose cyclic dinucleotides (dCDNs) as the STING agonist for antitumor immunotherapy.

Cancer immunotherapy is a powerful weapon in the fight against cancers. Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) have demonstrated the great potential by evoking the immune system to fight cancers. There are still a lot of unmet needs for highly active CDNs in clinical applications due to low cell permeation and serum stability.

The Potential Application of Branch-PCR Assembled PTEN Gene Nanovector in Lung Cancer Gene Therapy.

Gene therapy offers an alternative and promising avenue to lung cancer treatment. Here, we used dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-branched primers to construct a PTEN gene nanovector (NP-PTEN) through branch-PCR. NP-PTEN showed the nanoscale structure with biocompatible size (84.

Emerging mechanisms of pyroptosis and its therapeutic strategy in cancer.

Pyroptosis, a type of inflammatory programmed cell death, is triggered by caspase cleavage of gasdermin family proteins. Based on accumulating evidence, pyroptosis is closely associated with tumour development, but the molecular mechanism underlying pyroptosis activation and the signalling pathways regulated by pyroptosis remain unclear. In this review, we first briefly introduce the definition, morphological characteristics, and activation pathways of pyroptosis and the effect of pyroptosis on anticancer immunity.

An efficient CRISPR/Cas9 system for simultaneous editing two target sites in .

The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a revolutionary genome editing technique and has been widely used in numerous plants. For plants (e.g.