Conflict between urbanization and water environmental protection: Lessons from the Xiangjiang River Basin in China.

China, the largest developing country, has experienced rapid urbanization since its reform and opening-up. However, the increasing pollution load from urban areas has deteriorated urban river water quality, contradicting the concept of sustainable and green development promoted by the Chinese government. This situation elucidates governmental shortcomings in systematic environmental protection.

Study of the characteristics of pollutants in rural domestic sewage and the optimal sewage treatment process: a Chengdu Plain case study.

Domestic sewage is an important source of surface water pollution in the rural areas of developing countries, especially in the rural areas of China. In recent years, with the strategy of rural revitalization, China has paid increasing attention to the treatment of rural domestic sewage. Therefore, 16 villages in the Chengdu Plain were selected for the study, and seven indicators were analyzed and evaluated, including pH, five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH-N), total phosphorus (TP), suspended solids (SS) and total nitrogen (TN), in the water samples at the inlet and outlet of the wastewater treatment plant.