Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) containing LiLaZrTaO (LLZTO) is widely regarded as leading candidate for high energy density solid-state lithium-metal batteries due to its exceptional ionic conductivity and environmental stability. However, LiCO and LiOH layers at LLZTO surface greatly hinder Li transport between LLZTO-polymer and the electrode-electrolyte interface. Herein, the surface of LLZTO is boronized to obtain functionalized LLZTO, and its conversion mechanism is clarified.
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