The members of an Epstein-Barr virus microRNA cluster cooperate to transform B lymphocytes.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transforms B lymphocytes through the expression of the latent viral proteins EBNA and latent membrane protein (LMP). Recently, it has become apparent that microRNAs (miRNAs) also contribute to EBV's oncogenic properties; recombinant EBVs that lack the BHRF1 miRNA cluster display a reduced ability to transform B lymphocytes in vitro. Furthermore, infected cells evince a marked upregulation of the EBNA genes.

A viral microRNA cluster strongly potentiates the transforming properties of a human herpesvirus.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), an oncogenic human herpesvirus, induces cell proliferation after infection of resting B lymphocytes, its reservoir in vivo. The viral latent proteins are necessary for permanent B cell growth, but it is unknown whether they are sufficient. EBV was recently found to encode microRNAs (miRNAs) that are expressed in infected B cells and in some EBV-associated lymphomas.

The Epstein-Barr virus alkaline exonuclease BGLF5 serves pleiotropic functions in virus replication.

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) alkaline exonuclease BGLF5 has previously been recognized to contribute to immune evasion by downregulating production of HLA molecules during virus replication. We have constructed a BGLF5-null virus mutant to determine BGLF5's functions during EBV viral replication. Quantification of virus production in permissive 293 cells carrying a DeltaBGLF5 genome identified a 17- to 21-fold reduction relative to complemented or wild-type controls.

Partial substitution of NO(3)(-) by NH(4)(+) fertilization increases ammonium assimilating enzyme activities and reduces the deleterious effects of salinity on the growth of barley.

Productivity of cereal crops is restricted in saline soils but may be improved by nitrogen nutrition. In this study, the effect of ionic nitrogen form on growth, mineral content, protein content and ammonium assimilation enzyme activities of barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Alexis L.

Activity and protein level of AO isoforms in pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) during vegetative development and in response to stress conditions.

Among three AO isoforms detected in pea plants, the activity of PAO-1 was dominant in leaves of seedlings and young leaves of mature plants, while PAO-3 revealed the highest band intensity in old leaves and roots. PAO-1 and PAO-3 are homodimers consisting of 145 kDa and 140 kDa subunits, respectively, while PAO-2 is a heterodimer of one 145 kDa and one 140 kDa subunit. In leaves, the activity of PAO-1 disappeared gradually with leaf ageing, while in roots it was present only in seedlings but not in mature pea plants.

Nitrogen use efficiency by a slow-growing species as affected by CO2 levels, root temperature, N source and availability.

This study examines the importance of N source and concentration on plant response to distinct CO2 concentrations and root temperatures. The experimental design of this work was a factorial combination of: CO2 concentration, nitrogen concentration, nitrogen source and root temperature. Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.

Aldehyde oxidase isoforms and subunit composition in roots of barley as affected by ammonium and nitrate.

Aldehyde oxidase (AO; EC 1.2.3.

Child sexual abuse: victim age, victim gender, and observer gender as factors contributing to attributions of responsibility.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of victim gender, and observer gender on the tendency to attribute responsibility for extrafamilial child sexual abuse to the victim and the nonoffending parents.

Method: A 2 (Victim Age) x 2 (Victim Gender) x 2 (Observer Gender) between-subjects design was employed. Undergraduate students (N = 145) read a vignette describing a sexually abusive interaction between an adult male neighbor and a child.

[The efficacy of therapy using 89Sr-strontium chloride in 200 patients with bone metastases of a prostatic cancer].

Since 1976 200 patients with multiple skeletal metastases from prostatic cancer were treated with 89Sr. In the present study the results were evaluated in order to confirm the efficacy of this therapy. Following the application of 3 injections each of 0 (n = 21), 37 (n = 65), 75 (n = 72), 100 (n = 25) or 150 (n = 17) MBq 89Sr subjective pain relief, scintigraphic follow-up observations, survival times and haematological complications were recorded.

[Diagnostic evaluation of skeletal scintigraphy in comparison to roentgen studies in histiocytosis X in childhood. Case report].

We have compared whole body skeletal scintigraphy with X-ray examination in 15 children suffering from histiocytosis X, 14 of whom also showed involvement of the skeleton. In 9 of 20 cases, relapses, included, involvement of the skeleton was found both in scintigraphy and X-ray examination. In 7 cases only X-ray examinations have revealed lessons, which could not be proved by scintigraphy.

Results of a double blind study of 89-strontium therapy of skeletal metastases of prostatic carcinoma.

Forty-nine patients were treated with either 3 x 75 MBq 89Sr or saline as placebo. Analysis of results 1 to 3 years after therapy revealed the ineffectiveness of 89Sr to relieve pain from metastases. Unexpectedly, a higher survival rate was found after Sr application (46% vs 4% after 2 years).

A longitudinal study of the reporting of emotional and somatic symptoms during and after pregnancy.

One hundred and eight pregnant women, most of their husbands and a comparison group of non-expectant parents were recruited for a long-term study which involved responding to a 55-item Symptom Checklist (SCL) and the Beck Depression Inventory three times during pregnancy and once during the first postpartum month. Responses to the SCL were factor analysed, and the four groups were then compared on their factor scores as well as their scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) using discriminant analysis and trend analysis. The discriminant analyses were done twice: once using all the data provided by all subjects and once using only subjects with no missing data.

Personality and attitude variables of women and their spouses as predictors of women's experience of pregnancy.

Data were collected from 138 expectant couples at three points during pregnancy and at one month postpartum with aid of a standardized questionnaire including demographic information, attitudes toward childbearing and physical and emotional symptoms. These data have been analyzed in detail to predict women's experience of pregnancy.

Somatic and emotional aspects of the normal pregnancy experience: the first 5 months.

Responses of 108 women in the first 5 months of pregnancy were compared to those given by expectant fathers, nonpregnant women, and nonexpectant men on two measures: a 55-item symptom checklist and the Beck Depression Inventory. Responses to the symptom checklist were factor analyzed to produce six factors accounting for 40.5% of the total variance.