A Unique Case of 'in Situ' Bifluoride Triggered Formation of Supramolecular Organogels Using Isophthalamide Hydrogen Bond Donating Receptors.

A novel isopthalamide based receptor HL2 featuring two p-benzoic acid units has been synthesised and its anion binding properties analysed by H-NMR spectroscopy in DMSO-d/0.5 % HO. As expected, in the presence of tetrabutylammonium (TBA) fluoride the deprotonation of the carboxylic acid moieties was observed.

Coordination Chemistry of Mixed-Donor Pyridine-Containing Macrocyclic Ligands: From Optical to Redox Chemosensors for Heavy Metal Ions.

2,8-Dithia-5-aza-2,6-pyridinophane () has been used as a receptor unit in the construction of the conjugated redox chemosensor 5-ferrocenylmethyl-2,8-dithia-5-aza-2,6-pyridinophane (). In order to further explore the coordination chemistry of , and comparatively, that of its structural analogue 2,11-dithia-5,8-diaza-2,6-pyridinophane (), featuring two secondary nitrogen atoms in the macrocyclic unit, the crystal structures of the new synthesised complexes [Pb()(ClO)]·½CHCN, [Cu()](ClO)·CHCN and [Cd()(NO)]NO were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The electrochemical response of towards the metal ions Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Pb was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in CHCl/CHCN 0.

Early prediction of ochratoxigenic Aspergillus westerdijkiae on traditional Italian caciocavallo during ripening process by MS-based electronic nose.

A rapid and non-invasive mass spectrometry-based electronic nose (MS-eNose) method, combined with chemometric analysis, was developed for the early detection of Aspergillus westerdijkiae on caciocavallo cheeses during ripening process. MS-eNose analyses were carried out on caciocavallo inoculated with ochratoxin A (OTA) non-producing species and artificially contaminated with A. westerdijkiae, an OTA producing species.

MycoTWIN Working Group Discussion: A Multi-Actor Perspective on Future Research Directions for Mycotoxins and Toxigenic Fungi Along the Food and Feed Chain.

Mycotoxin research is facing unprecedented challenges, starting from the urgent need to cope with the consequences of climate change, the global shortage of grain due to unstable political scenarios, and the major transformation of the supply chains after the COVID-19 pandemic. In this scenario, the mycotoxin contamination of human and animal foods is still unavoidable, thus representing a major challenge to global food security. Next to this, the shift to sustainable and circular food production might be accompanied by an increase in food safety issues involving mycotoxins, e.

Formation of extended polyiodides at large cation templates.

By studying the structures of (μ-1,4,10,13-tetrathia-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane)bis[iodidopalladium(II)] diiodide penta(diiodine), [PdI(CHNS)](I)·5I or [PdI([18]aneNS)](I)·(I), and 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazoniabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane triiodide iodide hemipenta(diiodine) dichloromethane monosolvate, CHNO·I·I·2.

Crystal structure of 4,4'-(disulfanedi-yl)dipyridinium chloride triiodide.

4,4'-(Disulfanedi-yl)dipyridinium chloride triiodide, CHNS ·Cl·I , () was synthesized by reaction of 4,4'-di-pyridyl-disulfide with ICl in a 1:1 molar ratio in di-chloro-methane solution. The structural characterization of by SC-XRD analysis was supported by elemental analysis, FT-IR, and FT-Raman spectroscopic measurements.

Antibacterial Activity of Oregano ( L.) Essential Oil Vapors against Microbial Contaminants of Food-Contact Surfaces.

The antimicrobial effect of eight essential oils' vapors against pathogens and spoilage bacteria was assayed. L. essential oil (OVO) showed a broad antibacterial effect, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values ranging from 94 to 754 µg cm air, depending on the bacterial species.

Squaramide-based receptors in anion supramolecular chemistry: insights into anion binding, sensing, transport and extraction.

Over the last 15 years, squaramide-based receptors have attracted the attention of supramolecular chemists working in the field of anion recognition. Herein, we highlight examples of squaramide-based receptors that are able to bind, sense, extract and transport anions.

Low-Cost Pocket Fluorometer and Chemometric Tools for Green and Rapid Screening of Deoxynivalenol in Durum Wheat Bran.

Cereal crops are frequently contaminated by deoxynivalenol (DON), a harmful type of mycotoxin produced by several species fungi. The early detection of mycotoxin contamination is crucial for ensuring safety and quality of food and feed products, for preventing health risks and for avoiding economic losses because of product rejection or costly mycotoxin removal. A LED-based pocket-size fluorometer is presented that allows a rapid and low-cost screening of DON-contaminated durum wheat bran samples, without using chemicals or product handling.

Does alteration of fumonisin production in Fusarium verticillioides lead to volatolome variation?

Fusarium verticillioides, a major fungal pathogen of maize, produces fumonisins, mycotoxins of global food safety concern. Control practices are needed to reduce the negative health and economic impacts of fumonisins. Therefore, we investigated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by fumonisin-producing (wild-type) and nonproducing (mutant) strains of F.

Heteronuclear Gold(I)-Copper(I) Complexes with Thia- and Mixed Thia-Aza Macrocyclic Ligands: Synthesis, Structures and Optical Properties.

The reactivity of the heterometallic polynuclear complexes [{Au(R) } Cu (MeCN) ] (R=C F , C Cl ) with the thioether crowns 1,4,7-trithiacyclononane (L1, [12]aneS ), 1,4,8,11-tetrathiacyclododecane (L2, [14]aneS ), 1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22-octathiacyclotetracosane (L3, [24]aneS ), and the quinoline functionalized pendant arm derivatives of the 12-membered mixed-donor macrocycles 1-aza-,4,7,10-trithiacyclododecane ([12]aneNS ) and 1,7-diaza-4,10-dithiacyclododecane ([12]aneN S ), L4 and L5, respectively, was investigated in THF solution. While with L4 and L5 only ionic compounds of general formulation [Cu(L)][Au(R) ] were isolated and structurally characterized (none of them featuring Au⋅⋅⋅Cu interactions), with L1-L3, beside similar ionic compounds, some heteronuclear complexes of general formulation [{Au(R) }{Cu(L)}] and featuring Au⋅⋅⋅Cu interactions were also obtained. All of them display rather unusual non-classical C-H⋅⋅⋅Au hydrogen interactions.

Ammonium -(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)oxamate (AmPicOxam): A Novel Precursor of Calcium Oxalate Coating for Carbonate Stone Substrates.

Ammonium -(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)oxamate (AmPicOxam), synthesized from -methyl--(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)oxamate, was spectroscopically and structurally characterized and assayed as a novel precursor for the protection and consolidation of carbonate stone substrates. An in-depth characterization of treated and untreated biomicritic limestone and white Carrara marble samples was carried out by means of SEM microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, helium pycnometry, determination of water transport properties, and pull-off tests. The improved solubility (1.

Potentiometric Sensing of Nonsteroidal Painkillers by Acyclic Squaramide Ionophores.

We report here a small library of a new type of acyclic squaramide receptors (-) as selective ionophores for the detection of ketoprofen and naproxen anions (KF and NS, respectively) in aqueous media. H NMR binding studies show a high affinity of these squaramide receptors toward KF and NS, suggesting the formation of H-bonds between the two guests and the receptors through indole and -NH groups. Compounds - have been tested as ionophores for the detection of KF and NS inside solvent PVC-based polymeric membranes.

A new class of third-order nonlinear optical materials: laser pulse-duration dependant saturable absorption and nonlinear refraction in platinum(II) diimine-dithiolate complexes.

The third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of a series of platinum diimine-dithiolate complexes [Pt(N^N)(S^S)] were investigated by means of -scan measurements, revealing second hyperpolarizability values up to 10 esu, saturable absorption properties, and nonlinear refractive behaviour, which were rationalized also by means of DFT calculations.

Inorganic anion recognition in aqueous solution by coupling nearby highly hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties in a macrocyclic receptor.

Receptor L, composed of a tripropylenetetramine chain linking the 2 and 7 positions of an acridine unit methylene bridges, behaves as a pentaprotic base in aqueous solution. The first four protonation steps occur on the tetra-amine chain, while the acridine nitrogen protonates only below pH 4. The penta-protonated receptor assumes a folded conformation, resulting in a cleft delimited by the aliphatic tetramine and acridine moieties, in which anions of appropriate size can be hosted.

A Structural Approach to the Strength Evaluation of Linear Chalcogen Bonds.

The experimental structural features of chalcogen bonding (ChB) interactions in over 34,000 linear fragments R-Ch⋯A (Ch = S, Se, Te; R = C, N, O, S, Se, Te; A = N, O, S, Se, Te, F, Cl, Br, I) were analyzed. The bond distances d and the interaction distances d were investigated, and the functions δ and δ were introduced to compare the structural data of R-Ch⋯A fragments involving different Ch atoms. The functions δ and δ were calculated by normalizing the differences between the relevant bond d and ChB interaction d distances with respect to the sum of the relevant covalent ( + ) and the van der Waals (vdW) radii ( + ), respectively.

Fluorescent sensing of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs naproxen and ketoprofen by dansylated squaramide-based receptors.

Bis-squaramide receptors L1-L4 bearing a dansyl moiety were synthesised and their potential applications as fluorescent probes towards non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs naproxen and ketoprofen was investigated. A detailed photophysical characterization in CHCN/DMSO solution (9 : 1 v/v) was conducted and demonstrated that the two macrocyclic receptors L1 and L2 show good sensitivity towards ketoprofen with an ON-OFF fluorescent response, while the two open chain receptors L3 and L4 behave similarly with the three guests considered. DFT theoretical calculations carried out on L2 and L4 as model receptors allowed to propose a possible coordination mode towards the guests.

[Au(N^N)Br](PF): A Class of Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Complexes (N^N = 2,2'-Bipyridine and 1,10-Phenanthroline Derivatives).

A series of new complexes of general formula [Au(N^N)Br](PF) (N^N = 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives) were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic, electrochemical, and diffractometric techniques and tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains (, , , and ), showing promising antibacterial and antibiofilm properties.

Industrial-Scale Cleaning Solutions for the Reduction of Toxins in Maize.

Grain cleaning is the most effective non-destructive post-harvest mitigation strategy to reduce high levels of mycotoxins on account of the removal of mold-infected grains and grain fractions with high mycotoxin content. In this study, the reduction in the concentration of some co-occurring toxins in maize, namely deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA) and fumonisins B1 and B2 (FBs), was evaluated at an industrial-scale level by mechanical removal (sieving and density separation) of dust, coarse, small, broken, shriveled and low-density kernels and/or optical sorting of defected kernels. Samples were dynamically collected according to the Commission Regulation No.

Role of the Solvent in the Reactivity of Bis-4-imidazoline-2-selone Derivatives toward I: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach.

The reactivity of 1,1'-bis(3-methyl-4-imidazolin-2-selone)methane () and 1,2-bis(3-methyl-4-imidazolin-2-selone)ethane () toward I has been explored in MeCN under different experimental conditions and compared with that in CHCl. The compounds [](I) (), [I](I) (), [(μ-Se)](I)·1/2HO (), [I](I)·2I (), and [](I)·MeCN () were obtained and characterized. X-ray diffraction analyses point out an ionic nature for these compounds, which is presumably favored by the polarity of the solvent used.

Self-Assembly of Supramolecular Architectures Driven by σ-Hole Interactions: A Halogen-Bonded 2D Network Based on a Diiminedibromido Gold(III) Complex and Tribromide Building Blocks.

The reaction of the complex [Au(phen)Br](PF) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) with molecular dibromine afforded {[Au(phen)Br](Br)} (). Single crystal diffraction analysis showed that the [Au(phen)Br] complex cations were bridged by asymmetric tribromide anions to form infinite zig-zag chains featuring the motif ···Au-Br···Br-Br-Br···Au-Br···Br-Br-Br···. The complex cation played an unprecedented halogen bonding (XB) donor role engaging type-I and type-II XB noncovalent interactions of comparable strength with symmetry related [Br] anions.

Effect of Gaseous Citral on Table Grapes Contaminated by ITEM 18876.

is responsible for rapidly producing a deliquescent appearance in grape berries, generally favoured by cold chain interruptions. To counteract fruit spoilage and to meet consumer acceptance, innovative strategies based on the application of natural compounds are ongoing. Due to their biological activities, including antimicrobial ones, natural flavour compounds extend the shelf life and improve the nutritional value as well as the organoleptic properties of foods.

Grafting of the 2,8-dithia-5-aza-2,6-pyridinophane macrocycle on SBA-15 mesoporous silica for the removal of Cu and Cd ions from aqueous solutions: synthesis, adsorption, and complex stability studies.

Silica-based mesoporous materials have received growing attention in metal recovery from industrial processes, although, in general, the adsorption of metal ions by silanols is rather poor. Nevertheless, a great improvement of metal ion removal from aqueous solutions can be achieved by grafting metal-chelators on the particles' surface. Combining the metal-chelating properties of organic ligands with the high surface area of mesoporous silica particles makes these hybrid nanostructured materials a new horizon in metal recovery, sensing and controlled storage of metal ions in industrial and mining processes.

Chelating Phosphorus-An O, C, O-Coordinating Pincer-Type Ligand Coordinating P and P Centres.

The sequence of reactions of the phosphorus-containing aryllithium compound 5-t-Bu-1,3-[(P(O)(O-i-Pr) ] C H Li (ArLi) with Ph PCl, KMnO , elemental sulfur and elemental selenium, respectively, gave the aryldiphenylphosphane chalcogenides 5-t-Bu-1,3-[(P(O)(O-i-Pr) ] C H P(E)Ph (1, E=O; 2, E=S; 3, E=Se). Compound 1 partially hydrolysed giving [5-t-Bu-1-{(P(O)(O-i-Pr) }-3-{(P(O)(OH) }C H ]P(O)Ph (4). The reaction of ArLi with PhPCl provided the benzoxaphosphaphosphole [1(P), 3(P)-P(O)(O-i-Pr)OPPh-6-t-Bu-4-P(O)(O-i-Pr) ]C H P (5i) as a mixture of the two diastereomers.