Motor network reorganization associated with rTMS-induced writing improvement in writer's cramp dystonia.

Background: Writer's cramp (WC) dystonia is an involuntary movement disorder with distributed abnormalities in the brain's motor network. Prior studies established the potential for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to either premotor cortex (PMC) or primary somatosensory cortex (PSC) to modify symptoms. However, clinical effects have been modest with limited understanding of the neural mechanisms hindering therapeutic advancement of this promising approach.

Sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) depletion alters redox metabolism and enhances inflammation in a diet-induced MASH mouse model.

Background: Sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid molecule that modulates inflammation and hepatic lipid metabolism in MASLD, which affects 1 in 3 people and increases the risk of liver fibrosis and hepatic cancer. S1P can be generated by 2 isoforms of sphingosine kinase (SphK). SphK1 is well-studied in metabolic diseases.

Opportunities and challenges for global food safety in advancing circular policies and practices in agrifood systems.

Sustainable agrifood systems are needed to provide safe and nutritious food for the growing world's population. To improve sustainability, transforming linear policies and practices in agrifood systems into circularity will be critical, with food safety considerations key for the success of this shift. This review provides a synthesis of the current and emerging risks, data gaps, and opportunities for food safety in agrifood initiatives aiming to advance circular economy models.

A case study on microlitter and chemical contaminants: Assessing biological effects in the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland (Baltic sea) using the mussel Mytilus trossulus as a bioindicator.

Chemical and microlitter (ML) pollution in three Estonian coastal areas (Baltic Sea) was investigated using mussels (Mytilus trossulus). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in mussel tissues were observed in moderate levels with high bioaccumulation factors for the more hydrophilic and low molecular weight PAH (LMW PAH), namely anthracene and fluorene. Tissue concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and cadmium within mussel populations exceeded the Good Environmental Status thresholds by more than 200% and 60%, respectively.

Lightweight super-resolution multimode fiber imaging with regularized linear regression.

Super-resolution multimode fiber imaging provides the means to image samples quickly with compact and flexible setups finding many applications from biology and medicine to material science and nanolithography. Typically, fiber-based imaging systems suffer from low spatial resolution and long measurement times. State-of-the-art computational approaches can achieve fast super-resolution imaging through a multimode fiber probe but currently rely on either per-sample optimised priors or large data sets with subsequent long training and image reconstruction times.

Lung ILC2s are activated in BALB/c mice born to immunized mothers despite complete protection against respiratory syncytial virus.

Activated lung ILC2s produce large quantities of IL-5 and IL-13 that contribute to eosinophilic inflammation and mucus production following respiratory syncytial virus infection (RSV). The current understanding of ILC2 activation during RSV infection, is that ILC2s are activated by alarmins, including IL-33, released from airway epithelial cells in response to viral-mediated damage. Thus, high levels of RSV neutralizing maternal antibody generated from maternal immunization would be expected to reduce IL-33 production and mitigate ILC2 activation.

Core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) applicable to the monophyletic species complex.

The environmental bacterium displays an alarming increase of antibiotic-resistant strains that frequently cause outbreaks in intensive care units. Due to its prevalence in the environment and opportunistic presence in humans, molecular surveillance (including resistance marker screening) and high-resolution cluster analysis are of high relevance. Furthermore, previously described in studies is rather a species complex (KoSC) than a single species comprising at least six closely related species that are not easily differentiated by standard typing methods.

Substance-dependent EEG during recovery from anesthesia and optimization of monitoring.

The electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during anesthesia emergence contains information about the risk for a patient to experience postoperative delirium, but the EEG dynamics during emergence challenge monitoring approaches. Substance-specific emergence characteristics may additionally limit the reliability of commonly used processed EEG indices during emergence. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of different EEG indices during anesthesia emergence that was maintained with different anesthetic regimens.

Orthodontics rewired: A new approach to predoctoral competency training.

Objective: To describe changes in a competency-based orthodontics course in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and compare outcomes before and after these adaptations.

Methods: Exempted by NYU IRB (#FY2021-4795, #FY2021-5748). At NYU College of Dentistry, assessments and surveys for D3 course groups were compared: 2018 (N = 89, in-person) and 2022 (N = 109, hybrid; remote synchronous with cold-calling).

Near-infrared fluorescence tattooing: a new approach for endoscopic marking of tumors in minimally invasive colorectal surgery using a persistent near-infrared marker.

Introduction: Intraoperative accurate localization of tumors in the lower gastrointestinal tract is essential to ensure oncologic radicality. In minimally invasive colon surgery, tactile identification of tumors is challenging due to diminished or absent haptics. In clinical practice, preoperative endoscopic application of a blue dye (ink) to the tumor site has become the standard for marking and identification of tumors in the colon.

Fatty Pancreas Is a Risk Factor for Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 2956 Patients.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Recently, fatty pancreas (FP) has been studied thoroughly, and although its relationship to PC is not fully understood, FP is suspected to contribute to the development of PC. We aimed to assess the association between PC and FP by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Modeling the kinetics of lymph node retention and exposure of a cargo protein delivered by biotin-functionalized nanoparticles.

Generation of protective immunity through vaccination arises from the adaptive immune response developed primarily in the lymph nodes drained from the immunization site. Relative to the intramuscular route, subcutaneous administration allows for direct and rapid access to the lymphatics, but accumulation of soluble protein antigens within the lymph nodes is limited. Subunit vaccines also require immune stimulating adjuvants which may not accumulate in the same lymph nodes simultaneously with antigen.

Exacerbated lung inflammation following secondary RSV exposure is CD4+ T cell-dependent and is not mitigated in infant BALB/c mice born to PreF-vaccinated dams.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of childhood hospitalizations due to bronchiolitis in children under 5 years of age. Moreover, severe RSV disease requiring hospitalization is associated with the subsequent development of wheezing and asthma. Due to the young age in which viral protection is needed and risk of vaccine enhanced disease following direct infant vaccination, current approaches aim to protect young children through maternal immunization strategies that boost neutralizing maternal antibody (matAb) levels.

The Dynamic Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chronic Liver Disease.

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a major worldwide public health threat, with an estimated prevalence of 1.5 billion individuals with CLD in 2020. Chronic activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related pathways is recognized as substantially contributing to the pathologic progression of CLD.

Real-Time Nanopore Q20+ Sequencing Enables Extremely Fast and Accurate Core Genome MLST Typing and Democratizes Access to High-Resolution Bacterial Pathogen Surveillance.

Next-generation whole-genome sequencing is essential for high-resolution surveillance of bacterial pathogens, for example, during outbreak investigations or for source tracking and escape variant analysis. However, current global sequencing and bioinformatic bottlenecks and a long time to result with standard technologies demand new approaches. In this study, we investigated whether novel nanopore Q20+ long-read chemistry enables standardized and easily accessible high-resolution typing combined with core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST).

RAGE contributes to allergen driven severe neutrophilic airway inflammation NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mice.

Background: Asthma is a major public healthcare burden, affecting over 300 million people worldwide. While there has been great progress in the treatment of asthma, subsets of patients who present with airway neutrophilia, often have more severe disease, and tend to be resistant to conventional corticosteroid treatments. The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic asthma, however, it's role in neutrophilic asthma remains largely uninvestigated.

Learning Games: A New Tool for Orthodontic Education.

Learning games that are based on current scientific concepts are underutilized in dental education. This paper explores the relevant science of learning and discusses several principles that are conducive to learning and teaching in an educational setting, namely retrieval practice, feedback, motivation, and engagement. A discussion of learning games in health professional education ensues, followed by a description of relevant best practices in game design for learning.

Disaggregating the dementia monolith: An analysis of variation in Medicare costs and use by dementia subtype.

Importance: With an aging population, it is necessary to systematically examine variation in costs and use of Medicare services by dementia subtype. We provide the first national estimates for dementia by subtype, and the respective Medicare costs and use.

Methods: We analyzed Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) claims from 2017 through 2019.

Can you trust this source? Advice taking in borderline personality disorder.

Research suggests that patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) share a range of cognitive biases with patients with psychosis. As the disorder often manifests in dysfunctional social interactions, we assumed associated reasoning styles would be exaggerated in a social setting. For the present study, we applied the Judge-Advisor System by asking participants to provide initial estimates of a person's age and presumed hostility based on a portrait photo.