Viral etiologies in adult patients with encephalitis in Poland: A prospective single center study.

Encephalitis is a severe neurological syndrome associated with high morbidity and mortality as well as long-term neurological sequelae. Despite being an important public health problem, very few extensive population-based studies were conducted so far in the world and none in Central Europe. Altogether 114 consecutive patients meeting the initial criteria for encephalitis were enrolled at the Warsaw Hospital for Infectious Diseases between June 2012 and July 2015.

A Cluster of Fatal Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus Infection in Organ Transplant Setting.

Background: Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection has become a major health problem in Europe and is currently a common cause of viral brain infection in many countries. Encephalitis in transplant recipients, althrough rare, is becoming a recognized complication. Our study provides the first description of transmission of TBEV through transplantation of solid organs.

Sensitivity of Next-Generation Sequencing Metagenomic Analysis for Detection of RNA and DNA Viruses in Cerebrospinal Fluid: The Confounding Effect of Background Contamination.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) followed by metagenomic enables the detection and identification of known as well as novel pathogens. It could be potentially useful in the diagnosis of encephalitis, caused by a variety of microorganisms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sensitivity of isothermal RNA amplification (Ribo-SPIA) followed by NGS metagenomic analysis in the detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Higher level of NT-proCNP in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis.

Aminoterminal pro-C type natriuretic peptide (NT-proCNP) as an active form of CNP, has been recently proven to be a potential marker of sepsis and to be linked to inflammatory diseases. So far, there are no studies describing the level of NT-proCNP in meningitis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of NT-proCNP in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with meningitis and to compare it with the serum level of CRP and procalcitonin (PCT) in this group of patients.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) in the identification of encephalitis-causing viruses: Unexpected detection of human herpesvirus 1 while searching for RNA pathogens.

Background: Encephalitis is a severe neurological syndrome usually caused by viruses. Despite significant progress in diagnostic techniques, the causative agent remains unidentified in the majority of cases. The aim of the present study was to test an alternative approach for the detection of putative pathogens in encephalitis using next-generation sequencing (NGS).

New endemic foci of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) identified in districts where testing for TBE was not available before 2009 in Poland.

Background: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is found in limited endemic foci in Poland. Lack of diagnosis limits disease detection in non-endemic provinces.

Methods: In 2009, we enhanced TBE surveillance to confirm the location of endemic foci and inform vaccination policy.

Unclassified cardiomyopathy or Lyme carditis? A three year follow-up.

Lyme carditis can be a clinical manifestation of the early disseminated stage of Lyme disease caused by the tick-transmitted pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi. We present the case of a 41 year-old Caucasian woman referred to our hospital with symptoms of fatigue, progressive exertional dyspnoea, supraventricular cardiac arrhythmia, and an enlarged heart revealed on chest radiography. Following an untypical result of transthoracic echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance was performed.

[Listeriosis of the central nervous system: epidemiological and diagnostic aspects--own observations].

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical and laboratory findings and predisposing factors for Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) meningitis.

Methods: 17 intensive care unit patients (12 M, 5 F), aged 54.4 +/- 15.

[Influence of concomitant illness on clinical manifestations and severity of A/H1N1 influenza infection among patients hospitalized in the Hospital of Infectious Diseases in Warsaw--clinical cases].

Unlabelled: Many cases of swine flu is mild or even asymptomatic. The recent cases have been much more severe, and many patients have presented pneumonia, respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Illness-related fatalities have been recorded among individuals hospitalized in The Hospital For Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, Poland.

[Clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of swine flu (A/H1N1) infection among patients hospitalized in the Hospital of Infectious Diseases in Warsaw in 2009].

Unlabelled: The aim of this paper was the evaluation of clinical characteristics, demographics and therapeutic response for oseltamivir, among patients with swine flu confirmed, hospitalized in the Hospital For Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, Poland.

Material: We have observed infection A/H1N1 occurrence in 109 patients (Female-64, Male-45, aged 17-71 y), hospitalized between August and December 2009. The influenza specific test PCR (TaqMan A/H1N1) were used to pandemic flu confirmation.

[Burkholderia cepacia: a new pathogen causing nosocomial infections].

Unlabelled: Burkholderia cepacia is an opportunistic gram-negative, inherently resistant to multiple antibiotics and highly transmissible bacteria found in the soil and moist environments. The bacteria is known as a cause of severe lung infections in cystic fibrosis and immunocompromised patients. The authors observed a nosocomial outbreak of B.

[Lyme carditis--a bitter lesson or a delayed diagnostic success--a case report].

Lyme carditis is a well known disorder; however, its diagnosis still remains a challenge because of varied clinical picture, low incidence rate and difficulties in detection of the aetiological agent (Borrelia burgdorferi). We report a case of a 60-year-old man with a 2.5-year history of dilated cardiomyopathy, recurring episodes of acute heart failure and arrhythmias which finally were diagnosed as Lyme carditis.

MARS procedure as a bridge to combined liver-kidney transplantation in severe chromium-copper acute intoxication: a paediatric case report.

We describe a case of multi-organ failure (liver-kidney insufficiency and brain oedema) caused by accidental, acute intoxication with a chromium and copper-containing substance, as an example of the introduction of the new extracorporeal procedure MARS (molecular adsorbents recirculating system) in a girl 3.5 years old.

[Recurrent purulent bacterial meningoencephalitis].

During the period of 25 years there were 55 patients treated in our Institute because of recurrent purulent bacterial meningoencephalitis(rpbme). This group consisted of 42 males (76%) and 13 (24%) females, the prevalent number (53%) of patients being under 21 years of age. The diagnosis of rpbme was based on the commonly accepted criteria and confirmed by the laboratory results of CSF examination.

[Sepsis--a generalized infection. Etiopathogenetic, diagnostic and clinical problems in adults based on personal experiences].

Etiopathogenetic, diagnostic, and clinical problems seen in the adult patients with sepsis have been discussed. An emphasis is on the diagnostic problems in an early stage of infection as well as bacteriological findings. The authors stress that sepsis usually develops in patients with depressed immunological system.

[Sepsis--generalized infection. The treatment of adults based on personal observations].

Basing on the own experience, the authors discuss causative treatment of sepsis, mainly of unknown etiology. Emphasis is on the depression of immunological system in the acute phase of the disease. Therefore, a combined treatment with 2, often 3 or even 4 bacterial antibiotics is recommended, together with passive immunotherapy, and in certain cases surgical removal of the infection foci.

[Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in purulent cerebrospinal meningitis].

Our investigations concerned the blood-brain barrier (b.b.b.

[C-reactive protein (CRP) and its significance in purulent meningitis].

CRP level was determined in the cerebrospinal fluid in 40 cases of bacterial meningitis. Similar determination in serum was done in 32 of these patients. Aetiological verification was possible in 90% of cases.

[Methods and treatment results of purulent meningitis and encephalitis in adults--based on personal observations].

The authors present own methods and results of the treatment of 578 patients with suppurative meningitis and encephalitis. Etiologically most frequent infections due to N. meningitidis, S.

[Etiology and clinical course of purulent meningitis and encephalitis in adults].

The authors, basing on the own experience in the treatment of 578 patients with purulent meningitis and encephalitis, discuss etiologic and clinical problems as an early diagnosis of the cause decides on the proper therapy and often on the patient's fate. The authors are convinced that the result of general CSF examination is a crucial diagnostic criterion in meningitis and encephalitis but does not permit identification of the disease causes. Problems with etiological verification is discussed.

[Bacterial meningitis in patients with sepsis syndrome].

The authors discuss problems connected with diagnosis, management and treatment of bacterial meningitis among patients with the sepsis syndrome. Considering secondary organ changes bacterial meningitis belongs to the severest one and as a life-threathing sequel of sepsis demands immediate use of proper casual treatment. The authors show the therapeutic difficulties in this group of patients particularly when the etiological organism is unknown.

[Tubercular meningitis and encephalitis in adults--own experience].

Diagnostic, clinical and therapeutical problems of tuberculous meningitis and encephalitis have been discussed on a basis of clinical observation of 67 patients. In the early phase of disease the diagnosis is based on clinical parameters and results of cerebrospinal fluid examinations. Authors suggest a shortage of time treatment under 12 months.

[Etiology, clinical course, and the methods and results of the treatment of suppurative meningoencephalitis in adults--personal observations data].

The authors discuss problems connected with the clinical, aetiological diagnosis, methods and results of treatment of purulent meningoencephalitis in adults. The basis for the discussion were own experiences obtained during hospitalization of 578 patients in the period 1981-1990. As a results of this analysis the authors found that the organisms causing this disease most frequently were, as previously, Neisseria meningitidis and anaerobic Haemophilus influenzae were still highly unsatisfactory.

[Effect of Bioglobulin on the clinical course of selected diseases of viral and bacterial etiologies].

The therapeutic effect of Bioglobulin was studied in some diseases of viral or bacterial etiology. It was found favorable as it seemed to lessen the clinical and the shorten the acute as well as the hospitalisation periods. Because in the very serious and serious diseases of viral or bacterial etiology the antibodies deficiency, absolute or relative, total or selective is common, Bioglobulin may be a valuable agent in the comprehensive treatment.