Dynamic follow-up of the effects of programmed death 1 inhibitor treatment on thyroid function and sonographic features in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective: Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors are widely used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thyroid dysfunction is common in patients treated with this therapy, although the dynamic changes in thyroid function and sonographic features remain unclear.

Methods: We analyzed 38 patients with HCC who received anti-PD-1 therapy at our hospital.

Effectiveness of advanced carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Potential benefits of carbohydrate counting for glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) remain inconclusive. Our aim is to systematically assess the efficacy of carbohydrate counting in patients with T1DM. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and the Chinese Biology Medicine (CBM) up to December 2015.