Sonodynamic therapy for the treatment of atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of large and medium-sized arteries that leads to ischemic heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Despite the current treatments, mortality and disability still remain high. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), a non-invasive and localized methodology, has been developed as a promising new treatment for inhibiting atherosclerotic progression and stabilizing plaques.

Effect of gut flora mediated-bile acid metabolism on intestinal immune microenvironment.

According to reports, gut microbiota and metabolites regulate the intestinal immune microenvironment. In recent years, an increasing number of studies reported that bile acids (BAs) of intestinal flora origin affect T helper cells and regulatory T cells (Treg cells). Th17 cells play a pro-inflammatory role and Treg cells usually act in an immunosuppressive role.

Roles of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in anti- PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy for solid cancers.

In recent years, breakthroughs have been made in tumor immunotherapy. However, tumor immunotherapy, particularly anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors, is effective in only a small percentage of patients in solid cancer. How to improve the efficiency of cancer immunotherapy is an urgent problem to be solved.

Profiling and Integrated Analysis of Differentially Expressed Circular RNAs in Plasma Exosomes as Novel Biomarkers for Advanced-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: Exosomes contain abundant circRNAs and are determined to be involved in the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Thus, our study aimed to explore new circRNAs in plasma exosomes that could be involved in such pathogenesis.

Patients And Methods: High-throughput sequencing was used in identifying the alterations in exosomal circRNA expression.

Diagnosis of a giant left atrial appendage aneurysm by contrast-enhanced echocardiography: Case report and literature review.

Left atrial appendage aneurysm (LAAA) is a rare pathologic entity that can be congenital or, more frequently, acquired. Its complications include arrhythmias and thromboembolic events, palpitations, hiccups, chest pain, dyspnea, and myocardial infarction. LAAA can be isolated or associated with other congenital anomalies such as atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, anomalous renal artery, Noonan syndrome, and Hurler-Scheie syndrome.

Rupture of Aortic Sinus Aneurysms Diagnosed by Left Ventricular Opacification.

Rupture of aortic sinus aneurysms is a rare cardiac malformation that is commonly observed in the right coronary sinus but is rarely observed in the noncoronary sinus. Here, we report a case of aneurysm of the aortic sinus that ruptured into the left ventricular outflow tract and was diagnosed with left ventricular opacification. Left heart echocardiography can clearly demonstrate the structure of the heart and is one of the important diagnostic methods for diagnosing ruptured aortic sinus aneurysms.

Melatonin alleviates cadmium-induced liver injury by inhibiting the TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome.

Cadmium (Cd) is a persistent environmental and occupational contaminant that accumulates in the liver and induces oxidative stress and inflammation. Melatonin possesses potent hepatoprotective properties against the development and progression of acute and chronic liver injury. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism underlying the protective effects of melatonin against Cd-induced hepatotoxicity remains obscure.

Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Promote In Vitro Neuronal Differentiation and Neurite Outgrowth of Embryonic Neural Stem Cells via Up-Regulating TRPC1.

Exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) can enhance hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mice. However, little is focused on the effects of ELF-EMFs on embryonic neurogenesis. Here, we studied the potential effects of ELF-EMFs on embryonic neural stem cells (eNSCs).

Exposure to 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation impairs neurite outgrowth of embryonic neural stem cells.

A radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) of 1800 MHz is widely used in mobile communications. However, the effects of RF-EMFs on cell biology are unclear. Embryonic neural stem cells (eNSCs) play a critical role in brain development.

Protective effects of lycopene against amyloid β-induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat cortical neurons.

The neurotoxicity of amyloid β (Aβ) has been implicated as a critical cause in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among antioxidant phytochemicals derived from fruit and vegetables, lycopene has recently received considerable attention for its potent protective properties already demonstrated in several models of oxidative damage. The present study aims to investigate whether lycopene could provide protective effects against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured rat cortical neurons.

Lycopene protects against trimethyltin-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons by inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.

Lycopene is a potent free radicals scavenger with demonstrated protective efficacy in several experimental models of oxidative damage. Trimethyltin (TMT) is an organotin compound with neurotoxic effects on the hippocampus and other limbic structures and is used to model neurodegenerative diseases targeting these brain areas. Oxidative stress is widely accepted as a central pathogenic mechanism of TMT-mediated neurotoxicity.

Inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening is involved in the protective effects of mortalin overexpression against beta-amyloid-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells.

Mortalin (mtHsp70) is a mitochondrial heat shock protein critical for maintaining the functional integrity of mitochondrial proteins. Our previous study demonstrated that mortalin overexpression protected against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity through a mitochondria-dependent mechanism, but the molecular details remained unclear. Recent biochemical studies implicate opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in Aβ-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.

BROTHER OF LUX ARRHYTHMO is a component of the Arabidopsis circadian clock.

BROTHER OF LUX ARRHYTHMO (BOA) is a GARP family transcription factor in Arabidopsis thaliana and is regulated by circadian rhythms. Transgenic lines that constitutively overexpress BOA exhibit physiological and developmental changes, including delayed flowering time and increased vegetative growth under standard growing conditions. Arabidopsis circadian clock protein CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1) binds to the evening element of the BOA promoter and negatively regulates its expression.

[Effects of occupational microwave irradiation on heat shock protein 70 expressions in rat hippocampus].

Objective: To study the change of heat shock protein (HSP)70 expression after exposure to occupational microwave in rats hippocampus, and explore the role of HSP70 in the mechanism of bio-effect of microwave irradiation.

Methods: The animal model was established by whole body exposures in 90, 5 W/cm(2) microwave irradiation field for 20 min in rats. Changes of the mRNA of hsp70 expressions in rat hippocampus at different time were studied by RT-PCR, and the protein change by Western blot.

Overexpression of Tfam protects mitochondria against beta-amyloid-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells.

There is strong evidence that beta-amyloid (Abeta) causes oxidative stress and induces mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) has multiple roles in the maintenance of mtDNA. To study the protective roles of Tfam against amyloid neurotoxicity, we established SH-SY5Y cell lines stably overexpressing Tfam and exposed them to 10 microm Abeta1-42 for 24 h.

Transgenic rice plants that overexpress transcription factors RF2a and RF2b are tolerant to rice tungro virus replication and disease.

Rice tungro disease (RTD) is a significant yield constraint in rice-growing areas of South and Southeast Asia. Disease symptoms are caused largely by infection by the rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV). Two host transcription factors, RF2a and RF2b, regulate expression of the RTBV promoter and are important for plant development.