Overdiagnosis of Lung Cancer Due to the Introduction of Low-Dose Computed Tomography in Average-Risk Populations in the People's Republic of China.

Introduction: Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has been widely used in health check-ups in China since 2011. The introduction of LDCT in average-risk populations may have led to substantial overdiagnosis of lung cancer.

Methods: This registry-based study included 46,978 incident cases and 34,475 deaths of lung cancer derived from a population of approximately 3.

Inflammatory markers link triglyceride-glucose index and obesity indicators with adverse cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension: insights from three cohorts.

Background: Among hypertensive cohorts across different nations, the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and its conjunction with obesity metrics in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality remains to be elucidated.

Methods: This study enrolled 9,283, 164,357, and 5,334 hypertensives from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), UK Biobank (UKBB), and Shanghai Pudong cohort. The related outcomes for CVD were defined by multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, Generalized Additive Models and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Changes in Epidemics of Respiratory Viral Infections Resulted From the COVID-19 Pandemic in Shanghai.

To investigate the changing patterns of respiratory viral infections within the context of COVID-19 pandemic. The etiological surveillance data of eight respiratory viral pathogens among patients with ARIs in Shanghai between 2013 and 2023 were analyzed to evaluate the dynamic patterns of respiratory viral infections in Shanghai compared to global other regions during pre-pandemic (period 1), pandemic (period 2), and post-pandemic (period 3) periods of COVID-19. In Shanghai and various other global regions, there was a delay of 2‒4 months in the peak positive rate of IFV and a reverse seasonality for RSV, HMPV, and HBoV was observed following the relaxation of NPIs.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of respiratory viral pathogens in patients with acute respiratory infection in Shanghai, China.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) taken to combat COVID-19 on the prevalence of respiratory viruses (RVs) of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in Shanghai.

Methods: Samples from ARI patients were collected and screened for 17 respiratory viral pathogens using TagMan low density microfluidic chip technology in Shanghai from January 2019 to December 2020. Pathogen data were analyzed to assess changes in acute respiratory infections between 2019 and 2020.

The association of dietary patterns with latent tuberculosis infection among young adults: A case-control study in Shanghai.

Introduction: In developing and underdeveloped countries, undernutrition plays a major role in subverting the immune system, leading to an increase in TB infections; this study investigated the associations between dietary patterns and latent tuberculosis infection risk among young adults in Shanghai.

Methodology: In a case-control study, 96 cases of latent tuberculosis infection and 192 healthy controls were studied among contacts of students in clusters of tuberculosis epidemics in colleges from January 2021 to March 2023. A standardized questionnaire assessing sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary characteristics was applied.

Changes of influenza vaccination rate and associated influencing factors after the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai, China.

The vaccination rate for seasonal influenza remains low in most regions of China. It is essential to understand the factors that associated with the low influenza vaccination rate in various populations after the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with residents in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.

Intestinal pathogens detected in cockroach species within different food-related environment in Pudong, China.

Cockroaches are considered mechanical transmitters of infectious diseases, posing a threat to human health. This study assessed the potential of cockroaches in food-related environments to mechanically transmit intestinal pathogens. Cockroaches captured with traps were placed together into a low temperature refrigerator at - 80° for 2 h.

The Omicron Variant Reinfection Risk among Individuals with a Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection within One Year in Shanghai, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants due to immune escape is challenging for the global response to the pandemic. We estimated the Omicron reinfection prevalence among people who had a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in Shanghai, China. We conducted a telephone survey in December 2022 with those who had previously been infected with Omicron between March and May 2022.

Identification of a SARS-CoV-2 virus-derived vmiRNA in COVID-19 patients holding potential as a diagnostic biomarker.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a lasting threat to public health. To minimize the viral spread, it is essential to develop more reliable approaches for early diagnosis of the infection and immediate suppression of the viral replication. Herein, through computational prediction of SARS-CoV-2 genome and screening analysis of specimens from covid-19 patients, we predicted 15 precursors for SARS-CoV-2-encoded miRNAs (CvmiRNAs) containing 20 mature CvmiRNAs, in which CvmiR-2 was successfully detected by quantitative analysis in both serum and nasal swab samples of patients.

NRF2-ARE signaling is responsive to haloacetonitrile-induced oxidative stress in human keratinocytes.

Humans are exposed to disinfection by-products through oral, inhalation, and dermal routes, during bathing and swimming, potentially causing skin lesions, asthma, and bladder cancer. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master regulator of the adaptive antioxidant response via the antioxidant reaction elements (ARE) orchestrating the transcription of a large group of antioxidant and detoxification genes. Here we used an immortalized human keratinocyte model HaCaT cells to investigate NRF2-ARE as a responder and protector in the acute cytotoxicity of seven haloacetonitriles (HANs), including chloroacetonitrile (CAN), bromoacetonitrile (BAN), iodoacetonitrile (IAN), bromochloroacetonitrile (BCAN), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN), and trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN) found in drinking water and swimming pools.

The effectiveness of active surveillance measures for COVID-19 cases in Pudong New Area Shanghai, China, 2020.

The aim of this study was to thoroughly document the effects of multiple intervention and control methods to mitigate the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Pudong New Area, Shanghai. After identification of the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Pudong on January 21, 2020, the local Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) launched a case investigation involving isolation, close-contact (CC) tracing and quarantine of persons with a potential exposure risk to prevent and control transmission. Epidemiological features of cases detected by three different strategies were compared to assess the impact of these active surveillance measures.

Associations between fine particulate matter constituents and daily cardiovascular mortality in Shanghai, China.

Limited evidence is available for the associations between fine particulate matter (PM) constituents and daily cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in China. In present study, a time-series analysis was conducted to evaluate the associations of PM constituents (two carbonaceous fractions, eight water-soluble inorganic ions and fifteen elements) with daily CVD mortality in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, China, from 2014 to 2016. Results showed that the effect estimates for the associations of PM and its constituents with CVD mortality were generally strongest when using the exposures of the previous two day concentrations.

The complex associations of climate variability with seasonal influenza A and B virus transmission in subtropical Shanghai, China.

Most previous studies focused on the association between climate variables and seasonal influenza activity in tropical or temperate zones, little is known about the associations in different influenza types in subtropical China. The study aimed to explore the associations of multiple climate variables with influenza A (Flu-A) and B virus (Flu-B) transmissions in Shanghai, China. Weekly influenza virus and climate data (mean temperature (MeanT), diurnal temperature range (DTR), relative humidity (RH) and wind velocity (Wv)) were collected between June 2012 and December 2018.

Understanding the complex seasonality of seasonal influenza A and B virus transmission: Evidence from six years of surveillance data in Shanghai, China.

Objectives: Understanding the complexity of influenza subtype seasonality is critical to promoting a suitable vaccination program. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the seasonality and epidemiological features of seasonal influenza subtypes after the 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic and to lay a foundation for further investigation into the social and environmental factors affecting seasonal influenza virus transmission.

Methods: Influenza-like illness (ILI) case surveillance was conducted in two sentinel hospitals in Pudong New Area, Shanghai between 2012 and 2018.

Age, primary symptoms, and genotype characteristics of norovirus outbreaks in Shanghai schools in 2017.

Sixty norovirus outbreaks that occurred in Pudong District, Shanghai in 2017 and affected 959 people were summarised. Of the outbreaks, 29 (48.3%), 27 (45.

Understanding the rapid increase in life expectancy in shanghai, China: a population-based retrospective analysis.

Background: Life expectancy at birth (LE) is a comprehensive measure that accounts for age-specific death rates in a population. Shanghai has ranked first in LE in China mainland for decades. Understanding the reasons behind its sustained gain in LE provides a good reflection of many other cities in China.

Optimal hemoglobin A1C cutoff value for diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.

Aims: Due to the diversity of the Chinese population, it requires considerable research to evaluate HbA1c diagnostic threshold for diagnosis of hyperglycemia.

Methods: We included 7909 subjects aged ≥15 without known diabetes from the baseline of Pudong community cohort in 2013. Participants took oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and HbA1c assay.

Determinants of Quality of Life for Breast Cancer Patients in Shanghai, China.

Purpose: To evaluate the association of social support status, health insurance and clinical factors with the quality of life of Chinese women with breast cancer.

Methods: Information on demographics, clinical characteristics, and social support status was collected from 1,160 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer in Shanghai, China. The Perceived Social Support Scale was used to assess different sources of social support for breast cancer patients.