Low serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels are associated with poor outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients regardless of age.

Studies have indicated that reduced serum ALT levels are commonly linked to aging and are known to predict poor outcomes in many clinical conditions as potential frailty indicators. There are close connections between the brain and peripheral organs, particularly the liver. In patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), the interactive effects may change ALT levels, which in turn influence stroke outcomes.

Rapid Intravenous Glyceryl Trinitrate in Ischemic Damage (RIGID): A potential neuroprotection strategy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.

Despite advances in intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy, numerous acute ischemic stroke survivors continue to experience various disability levels. The nitric oxide (NO) donor, Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN), has been identified as a potential neuroprotective agent against ischemic damage. We evaluated the safety and feasibility of intravenous GTN in AIS patients.

Fatty Acyl Coenzyme A Synthetase Fat1p Regulates Vacuolar Structure and Stationary-Phase Lipophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

During yeast stationary phase, a single spherical vacuole (lysosome) is created by the fusion of several small ones. Moreover, the vacuolar membrane is reconstructed into two distinct microdomains. Little is known, however, about how cells maintain vacuolar shape or regulate their microdomains.

Serum Bilirubin Associated with Stroke Severity and Prognosis: Preliminary Findings on Liver Function after Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Objective: This study investigates relationships between serum bilirubin, stroke severity, and prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) to elucidate the roles of the liver in AIS.

Methods: This retrospective study collected data from 527 patients diagnosed with AIS within 24 hours after their symptom onset. Stroke severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS).

Effects of remote ischemic conditioning on sleep complaints in Parkinson's disease-rationale, design, and protocol for a randomized controlled study.

Objective: Sleep disturbances are common non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The symptoms affect the quality of patients' life by impeding normal sleep cycles and causing excessive daytime sleepiness. Remote Ischemic Conditioning (RIC) is a therapy often used for ischemic stroke patients to minimize infarct size and maximize post-stroke neurological function.

Screening DHHCs of S-acylated proteins using an OsDHHC cDNA library and bimolecular fluorescence complementation in rice.

S-acylation is an important lipid modification that primarily involves DHHC proteins (DHHCs) and associated S-acylated proteins. No DHHC-S-acylated protein pair has been reported so far in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and the molecular mechanisms underlying S-acylation in plants are largely unknown.

Enhanced Cerebral Microbleeds by Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Background: Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are associated with a high risk for stroke . The present study determined whether long-term exposure to PM2.5 results in progressive worsening of CMBs and induction of systemic inflammation and microvascular oxidative stress.

Rapid Intravenous Glyceryl Trinitrate in Ischemic Damage (RIGID) After Stroke: Rationale, Design and Protocol for a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

Despite intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), many survivors still have varying degrees of disability. Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, has been previously reported to induce neuroprotection after AIS. The use of GTN to reduce brain damage after stroke remains yet to be elucidated.

Rapid Intervention of Chlorpromazine and Promethazine for Hibernation-Like Effect in Stroke: Rationale, Design, and Protocol for a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

Following an acute ischemic stroke (AIS), rapidly initiated reperfusion therapies [i. e., intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular treatment (EVT)] demonstrate robust clinical efficacy.

Selective intra-arterial brain cooling improves long-term outcomes in a non-human primate model of embolic stroke: Efficacy depending on reperfusion status.

Nearly all stroke neuroprotection modalities, including selective intra-arterial cooling (SI-AC), have failed to be translated from bench to bed side. Potentially overlooked reasons may be biological gaps, inadequate attention to reperfusion states and mismatched attention to neurological benefits. To advance stroke translation, we describe a novel thrombus-based stroke model in adult rhesus macaques.

High Intensity Physical Rehabilitation Later Than 24 h Post Stroke Is Beneficial in Patients: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) Study in Mild to Moderate Ischemic Stroke.

Very early mobilization was thought to contribute to beneficial outcomes in stroke-unit care, but the optimal intervention strategy including initiation time and intensity of mobilization are unclear. In this study, we sought to confirm the rehabilitative effects of different initiation times (24 vs. 48 h) with different mobilization intensities (routine or intensive) in ischemic stroke patients within three groups.

[Simultaneous determination of 12 preservatives and antioxidants in fruit and vegetable detergents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry].

A method was established for the simultaneous determination of 12 preservatives and antioxidants in fruit and vegetable detergents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). First, ethanol was added to remove the water in the sample by rotary evaporation and was extracted with acetonitrile in saturated -hexane. Finally, the residual surfactant in the sample solution was removed with a saturated sodium chloride solution.

[Fast Determination of Auramine Ⅱ, Basic Orange Ⅱ and Metanil Yellow in Bean Products on Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Use High Pergormance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry to Verify].

This experiment adopts Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) to quickly detect auramine Ⅱ, basic orange Ⅱ and metanil yellow in bean products. It uses High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry to verify. The best extraction solvent is methanol-water (Seven plus three) solution.

The role of Akt (protein kinase B) and protein kinase C in ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability and death in the United States. Currently, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke. However, the use of tPA is restricted to a small subset of acute stroke patients due to its limited 3-h therapeutic time window.

Combination therapy of normobaric oxygen with hypothermia or ethanol modulates pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in thromboembolic cerebral ischemia.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH) is a brain mitochondrial matrix enzyme. PDH impairment after stroke is particularly devastating given PDH's critical role in the link between anaerobic and aerobic metabolism. This study evaluates the restoration of oxidative metabolism and energy regulation with a therapeutic combination of normobaric oxygen (NBO) plus either therapeutic hypothermia (TH) or ethanol.

Combining Normobaric Oxygen with Ethanol or Hypothermia Prevents Brain Damage from Thromboembolic Stroke via PKC-Akt-NOX Modulation.

In a thromboembolic stroke model after reperfusion by recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), we aimed to determine whether therapeutic hypothermia (TH) and ethanol (EtOH) in combination with low concentration (60 %) of normobaric oxygen (NBO) enhanced neuroprotection, as compared to using each of these agents alone. We further aimed to elucidate a potential role of the NADPH oxidase (NOX), phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt), and protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ) pathway in oxidative stress and neuroprotection. In Sprague-Dawley rats, a focal middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion was induced by an autologous embolus in the following experimental groups: rt-PA treatment alone, rt-PA + NBO treatment, rt-PA + TH at 33 °C, rt-PA + EtOH, rt-PA + NBO + EtOH, rt-PA + NBO + TH, rt-PA + NOX inhibitor, rt-PA + EtOH + NOX inhibitor, or rt-PA + EtOH + Akt inhibitor.

Therapeutic effect of tPA in ischemic stroke is enhanced by its combination with normobaric oxygen and hypothermia or ethanol.

Background And Purpose: Our lab has previously elucidated the neuroprotective effects of normobaric oxygen (NBO) and ethanol (EtOH) in ischemic stroke. The present study further evaluated the effect of EtOH or hypothermia (Hypo) in the presence of low concentration of NBO and determined whether EtOH can substitute hypothermia in a more clinically relevant autologous embolus rat stroke model in which reperfusion was established by tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA).

Methods: At 1h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by an autologous embolus, rats received t-PA.

Weight loss: indication of brain damage and effect of combined normobaric oxygen and ethanol therapy after stroke.

Background And Purpose: Weight loss is commonly seen after stroke. However, there is paucity of data that objectively examines the relationship between weight loss and infarction. We have used two unique models of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in rats to determine if weight loss can be used as indicator for severity of brain damage and for beneficial effects of stroke therapy.

Reduced cerebral monocarboxylate transporters and lactate levels by ethanol and normobaric oxygen therapy in severe transient and permanent ischemic stroke.

Objectives: Neuroprotective benefits of ethanol (EtOH) and normobaric oxygenation (NBO) were previously demonstrated in transient and permanent ischemic stroke. Here we sought to identify whether the enhanced lactic acidosis and increased expression of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) observed after stroke might be attenuated by single and/or combined EtOH and NBO therapies.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (n=96) were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 or 4h (transient ischemia), or 28 h (permanent ischemia) followed by 3, 24h, or no reperfusion.

[Determination of phthalate esters in Baiyangdian Lake by solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography].

A simple method based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was developed for the determination of trace amounts of phthalate esters (PAEs) in environment water samples. In this method, polydimethylsilane (PDMS) fiber was chosen to enrich the PAEs. The PAEs were extracted for 60 min using the PDMS fiber under stirring with a magnetic stir bar, after that the fiber was introduced into the GC injector port and the extract was desorbed at 250 degrees C for 4 min.