Enhancing semantic segmentation in chest X-ray images through image preprocessing: ps-KDE for pixel-wise substitution by kernel density estimation.

Background: In medical imaging, the integration of deep-learning-based semantic segmentation algorithms with preprocessing techniques can reduce the need for human annotation and advance disease classification. Among established preprocessing techniques, Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) has demonstrated efficacy in improving segmentation algorithms across various modalities, such as X-rays and CT. However, there remains a demand for improved contrast enhancement methods considering the heterogeneity of datasets and the various contrasts across different anatomic structures.

Global Analysis of Furfural-Induced Genomic Instability Using a Yeast Model.

Furfural is an important renewable precursor for multiple commercial chemicals and fuels; a main inhibitor existing in cellulosic hydrolysate, which is used for bioethanol fermentation; and a potential carcinogen, as well. Using a genetic system in that allows detection of crossover events, we observed that the frequency of mitotic recombination was elevated by 1.5- to 40-fold when cells were treated with 0.

Mapping chromosomal instability induced by small-molecular therapeutics in a yeast model.

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been widely used as a model system for studying the physiological and pharmacological action of small-molecular drugs. Here, a heterozygous diploid S. cerevisiae strain QSS4 was generated to determine whether drugs could induce chromosomal instability by determining the frequency of mitotic recombination.