Over the past decade, new strategies for cartilage engineering have emerged, with stem cell induction being a promising method using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to their pluripotency and availability.
The research demonstrated that by cycling growth factors like TGF-beta3, BMP-6, and IGF-1, human bone marrow MSCs (hBMSCs) can be effectively induced to differentiate into chondrocytes, exhibiting characteristics such as morphology and extracellular matrix formation.
The study concluded that specific combinations of growth factors, particularly TGF-beta3 with BMP-6 or IGF-1, significantly enhance chondrogenesis, making these combinations crucial for cartilage tissue engineering in vitro.