The effects of moderate alcohol and THC co-use during male and female rat adolescence on AKT-GSK3ß signaling in adulthood.

Alcohol and cannabis are often taken in combination, and extensive co-use has been linked to enduring changes in cognitive and metabolic functioning. The underlying mechanisms for these effects are unclear, but we recently demonstrated that co-administration of ethanol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannbinol (THC) to adolescent rats caused lasting adaptations in GABA and glycogen synthase kinase 3ß (GSK3ß) signaling in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). As a ubiquitous protein kinase, GSK3ß is downstream to the protein kinase B (also known as AKT) pathway that is activated by insulin receptor signaling in a main control center for metabolism and energy homeostasis, the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH).

Effects of combined exposure to ethanol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol during adolescence on synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex of Long Evans rats.

Significant exposure to alcohol or cannabis during adolescence can induce lasting disruptions of neuronal signaling in brain regions that are later to mature, such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Considerably less is known about the effects of alcohol and cannabis co-use, despite its common occurrence. Here, we used male and female Long-Evans rats to investigate the effects of early-life exposure to ethanol, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), or their combination on high frequency stimulation (HFS)-induced plasticity in the prelimbic region of the mPFC.

Effects of combined exposure to ethanol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol during adolescence on synaptic plasticity in the prefrontal cortex of Long Evans rats.

Significant exposure to alcohol or cannabis during adolescence can induce lasting disruptions of neuronal signaling in brain regions that are later to mature, such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Considerably less is known about the effects of alcohol and cannabis co-use, despite its common occurrence. Here, we used male and female Long-Evans rats to investigate the effects of early-life exposure to ethanol, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), or their combination on high frequency stimulation (HFS)-induced plasticity in the prelimbic region of the mPFC.

The discovery and characterization of AeHGO in the branching route from shikonin biosynthesis to shikonofuran in .

Shikonin derivatives are natural naphthoquinone compounds and the main bioactive components produced by several boraginaceous plants, such as and . Phytochemical studies utilizing both and cultured cells indicate the existence of a competing route branching out from the shikonin biosynthetic pathway to shikonofuran. A previous study has shown that the branch point is the transformation from ()-3''-hydroxy-geranylhydroquinone to an aldehyde intermediate ()-3''-oxo-geranylhydroquinone.

Effects of combined use of alcohol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannibinol on working memory in Long Evans rats.

The increase in social acceptance and legalization of cannabis over the last several years is likely to increase the prevalence of its co-use with alcohol. In spite of this, the potential for effects unique to co-use of these drugs, especially in moderate doses, has been studied relatively infrequently. We addressed this in the current study using a laboratory rat model of voluntary drug intake.

NMDA Receptor-Arc Signaling Is Required for Memory Updating and Is Disrupted in Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Memory deficits are central to many neuropsychiatric diseases. During acquisition of new information, memories can become vulnerable to interference, yet mechanisms that underlie interference are unknown.

Methods: We describe a novel transduction pathway that links the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) to AKT signaling via the immediate early gene Arc and evaluate its role in memory.

Effects of combined use of alcohol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannibinol on working memory in Long Evans rats.

The increase in social acceptance and legalization of cannabis over the last several years is likely to increase the prevalence of its co-use with alcohol. In spite of this, the potential for effects unique to co-use of these drugs, especially in moderate doses, has been studied relatively infrequently. We addressed this in the current study using a laboratory rat model of voluntary drug intake.

Identification of Medicinal Compounds of Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizome from Different Origins and Its Varieties Using UPLC-MS/MS-Based Metabolomics.

, being native to southwest China, is widely distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou Provinces and Chongqing City. However, the quality of medicinal materials growing in different origins varies greatly, and cannot meet the market demand for high-quality . In this study, 648 metabolites were identified, and phenolic compounds of from different origins were clearly separated by principal component analysis (PCA).

Phylogenomics and Genetic Diversity of and Its Allies (, Boraginaceae) in China.

is a traditional medicine with pleiotropic properties that has been used for several 100 years. There are five species of in China, and the two species and are the source plants of according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Molecular markers that permit species identification and facilitate studies of the genetic diversity and divergence of the wild populations of these two source plants have not yet been developed.

Using deep Siamese neural networks for detection of brain asymmetries associated with Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment.

In recent studies, neuroanatomical volume and shape asymmetries have been seen during the course of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and could potentially be used as preclinical imaging biomarkers for the prediction of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and AD dementia. In this study, a deep learning framework utilizing Siamese neural networks trained on paired lateral inter-hemispheric regions is used to harness the discriminative power of whole-brain volumetric asymmetry. The method uses the MRICloud pipeline to yield low-dimensional volumetric features of pre-defined atlas brain structures, and a novel non-linear kernel trick to normalize these features to reduce batch effects across datasets and populations.

Risk factors for dislocation after revision total hip arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: No formal systematic review or meta-analysis was performed up to now to summarize the risk factors of dislocation after revision total hip arthroplasty(THA).

Aims: The present study aimed to quantitatively and comprehensively conclude the risk factors of dislocation after revision total hip arthroplasty.

Methods: A search was applied to CNKI, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane central database (all up to October 2016).