Association of Environmental Elements with Respondents' Behaviors in Open Spaces Using the Direct Gradient Analysis Method: A Case Study of Jining, China.

Following rapid urban development, higher demands are now being placed on urban open spaces in China, and the relationship between environmental elements and respondents' behaviors in open spaces has become a common concern for researchers. Current research using geographic information systems has yielded macroscopic portraits of the behavioral trends and outcomes of research subjects, but evaluating their actual needs is complex. This paper proposes a new method to analyze the relationship between open spaces and respondents' behaviors from a detailed perspective.

Comparative Study of the Thermal Stabilities of the Experimentally Known High-Valent Fe(IV) Compounds Fe(1-norbornyl) and Fe(cyclohexyl).

The high stability of the experimentally known homoleptic 1-norbornyl derivative (nor)Fe of iron in the unusual +4 oxidation state is a consequence of the high reaction barriers of the singlet or triplet potential surfaces constrained by the global dispersion attraction and the great steric demands of the norbornyl groups. The much more limited stability of the corresponding cyclohexyl derivative (cx)Fe may result from the conical intersection between the singlet potential surface and the quintet spin potential surface arising from the weaker dispersion attraction and the reduced steric effect of the cyclohexyl groups relative to the 1-norbornyl groups. In contrast, the high stability of the likewise experimentally known (cx)M (M = Ru or Os) structures results from the larger ligand field splitting (Δ) of the d-orbital energies for the second and third-row transition metals ruthenium and osmium relative to that of the first-row transition metal iron.