Dental pulp stem cells accelerate wound healing through CCL2-induced M2 macrophages polarization.

The crosstalk between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the host immune function plays a key role in the efficiency of tissue regeneration and wound healing. However, the difference in immunological modulation and tissue regeneration function between MSCs from different sources remains unclear. Compared to PDLSCs, BMMSCs, and ADSCs, DPSCs exhibited greater tissue regeneration potential and triggered more M2 macrophages .

Structural plasticity of mumps virus nucleocapsids with cryo-EM structures.

Mumps virus (MuV) is a highly contagious human pathogen and frequently causes worldwide outbreaks despite available vaccines. Similar to other mononegaviruses such as Ebola and rabies, MuV uses a single-stranded negative-sense RNA as its genome, which is enwrapped by viral nucleoproteins into the helical nucleocapsid. The nucleocapsid acts as a scaffold for genome condensation and as a template for RNA replication and transcription.

Temporomandibular Joint Osseous Morphology of Class I and Class II Malocclusions in the Normal Skeletal Pattern: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study.

(1) Background-The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osseous morphology of normal skeletal pattern individuals with different dental malocclusions by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). (2) Methods-The CBCT images of bilateral TMJs in 67 subjects with skeletal class I and average mandibular angle (26 males and 41 females, age range 20-49 years) were evaluated in this study. The subjects were divided into class I, class II division 1, and class II division 2 according to the molar relationship and retroclination of the maxillary incisors.

Is There an Association between Temporomandibular Disorders and Articular Eminence Inclination? A Systematic Review.

(1) Background: In order to determine the correlation between the inclination of articular eminence (AEI) and the development of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), a systematic review was performed. (2) Methods: A systematic literature research was conducted between 1946 and January 2020, based on the following electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, Scope, SciELO, and Lilacs. Observational studies, analytical case-control studies, and cohort studies written in English were identified.

Rebalancing glucolipid metabolism and gut microbiome dysbiosis by nitrate-dependent alleviation of high-fat diet-induced obesity.

Introduction: High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is accompanied by compromised nitric oxide (NO) signaling and gut microbiome dysregulation. Inorganic dietary nitrate, which acts as a NO donor, exerts beneficial effects on metabolic disorders. Here, we evaluated the effects of dietary nitrate on HFD-induced obesity and provided insights into the underlying mechanism.

Total body irradiation-induced colon damage is prevented by nitrate-mediated suppression of oxidative stress and homeostasis of the gut microbiome.

Inorganic dietary nitrate plays vital roles in biological functions via the exogenous NO3/NO2/NO pathway under hypoxia and ischemia. We previously verified the antioxidative effects of inorganic nitrate in a mouse model of total body irradiation (TBI). Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the effects of inorganic nitrate on prevention of TBI-induced colon injury and dysbiosis of the gut microbiome.

Nitrate ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis by regulating the homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves chronic inflammation, loss of epithelial integrity, and gastrointestinal microbiota dysbiosis. Effective therapies for IBD have not been established. Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the effects of inorganic nitrate, a potent nitric oxide (NO) donor and microbiota regulator, in a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis.

Maintained Properties of Aged Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Superior Periodontal Tissue Regeneration.

Owing to excellent therapeutic potential, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are gaining increasing popularity with researchers worldwide for applications in tissue engineering, and in treatment of inflammation-related and age-related disorders. However, the senescence of MSCs over passaging has limited their clinical application owing to adverse effect on physiological function maintenance of tissues as well as disease treatment. An inflammatory microenvironment is one of the key contributors to MSC senescence, resulting in low regeneration efficiency.

Severe periodontitis may influence cementum and dental pulp through inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.

Background: The relationship between chronic periodontitis and pulpal/cemental changes is seldom reported. This study aimed to report on the microstructural changes of cementum and histopathological features of the dental pulp in teeth with severe chronic periodontitis.

Methods: Eighty molar teeth with severe chronic periodontitis and 50 extracted third molars (as normal controls) were collected.

Inorganic Nitrate Alleviates Total Body Irradiation-Induced Systemic Damage by Decreasing Reactive Oxygen Species Levels.

Purpose: To evaluate the protective effect of inorganic nitrate against systemic damage in a mouse model of total body gamma irradiation (TBI).

Methods And Materials: C57BL/6 mice in the irradiation (IR) + NaNO group were pretreated with 2 mmol/L NaNO in their drinking water for 1 week before receiving 5 Gy irradiation. Animals that received only 5 Gy irradiation were designated as the IR group.

Nitrate and Nitrite in Health and Disease.

The source of dietary nitrate (NO) is mainly green, leafy vegetables, partially absorbed into blood through intestinal mucosa. The recycled nitrate is reabsorbed and concentrated by the salivary glands and then secreted into saliva. In 2012, sialin was first discovered as the mammalian membrane nitrate transporter in salivary glands and plays a key role in circulation of inorganic nitrate, providing a scientific basis for further investigation into the circulation and functions of nitrate.

Intragland Shh gene delivery mitigated irradiation-induced hyposalivation in a miniature pig model.

Irreversible hypofunction of salivary glands is common in head and neck cancer survivors treated with radiotherapy and can only be temporarily relieved with current treatments. We found recently in mouse models that transient activation of Hedgehog pathway following irradiation rescued salivary gland function by preserving salivary stem/progenitor cells, parasympathetic innervation and microvessels. Due to huge differences between salivary glands of rodents and humans, to examine the translational potential of this approach, we evaluated effects of Shh gene transfer in a miniature pig model of irradiation-induced hyposalivation.

Supramolecular nanofibers of self-assembling peptides and proteins for protein delivery.

We report an efficient strategy for intracellular protein delivery by co-assembled supramolecular nanofibers of peptides and proteins.