A comparison of three fingerstick, whole blood antibody tests for Helicobacter pylori infection: a United States, multicenter trial.

Objective: We compared three whole blood antibody tests for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in a United States, multicenter trial.

Methods: Patients referred for EGD at three medical centers were recruited.

Induction of an ATPase inhibitor protein by propylthiouracil and protection against paracetamol (acetaminophen) hepatotoxicity in the rat.

1. The purpose of the present study was to test the following hypothesis: propylthiouracil (PTU) treatments of rats induces an increase in the concentration and activity of the mitochondrial ATPase (m-ATPase) inhibitor protein (IF1). The PTU-induced elevated baseline levels of this inhibitor protein inactivated m-ATPase, and prevented hepatotoxicity by a toxic dose of acetaminophen (AAP) (paracetamol), by maintaining hepatic adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) levels.

The ChemTrak Hp Chek fingerstick whole blood serology test for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Objective: To evaluate a new whole blood serology test (Hp Chek; ChemTrak) that detects IgG antibodies to Helicobacter pylori.

Methods: The study was conducted at 10 sites within the United States. Patients undergoing upper endoscopy for dyspepsia were recruited for enrollment.

Lovastatin induces synthesis of cholesterol, which acts as a secretagogue of biliary phospholipids in rats.

The effects of treatment with lovastatin (LS), a hypocholesterolemic drug, on hepatic metabolism of cholesterol (CH) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) were studied in rats. Hepatic synthesis of CH was increased, as previously reported by our laboratory. Total plasma CH was increased, and biliary secretion of CH was raised fourfold, but biliary secretion of bile salts was not affected.

Effects of PEG-electrolyte (Colyte) lavage on serum acetaminophen concentrations. A model for treatment of acetaminophen overdose.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whole gut lavage with polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution (Colyte), as a potentially adjunctive measure in lowering serum acetaminophen levels. The effect of bowel lavage was evaluated on serial serum acetaminophen concentrations after 2-g and 4-g doses in 7 and 12 male patients, respectively. Mean peak level of serum acetaminophen after 2 g (60 min after intake) was not significantly lowered by bowel lavage.

Increase in serum and bile cholesterol and HMG-CoA reductase by lovastatin in rats.

Lovastatin, a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, is effective in the treatment of hypercholesterolemic patients and is currently being evaluated as a potential agent for dissolving gallstones. We therefore evaluated its effect on cholesterol metabolism in a rat model. A low-cholesterol diet containing 0.

Modulation of gastric pH by continuous gastric and jejunal infusion of cimetidine.

We studied the effect of gastric versus jejunal tube feedings on gastric pH and evaluated the acid-inhibiting effects of continuous gastric and jejunal infusions of cimetidine. pH was monitored by an intragastric pH probe in 19 gastrostomy and 13 jejunostomy patients during fasting, continuous infusions of Osmolyte, cimetidine, and simultaneously Osmolyte and cimetidine. Gastric Osmolyte increased fasting pH from a mean of 1.

Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy: long-term follow-up of 23 patients.

This study reports our experience with the placement and long-term follow-up of 26 percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (PEJ) tubes in 23 patients over a 2-year period. Eighty-four percent of the PEJ tubes failed and were functional for an average of only 39.5 days.

Mechanism of pH effect on oleic acid and cholesterol absorption in the rat.

Previous experiments [K. Chijiiwa and W. G.

Distribution and monomer activity of cholesterol in micellar bile salt: effect of cholesterol level.

Despite the fact that uptake of cholesterol by the enterocyte occurs as a monomer from the intermicellar aqueous phase in equilibrium with micelle, the cholesterol monomer concentration in the aqueous phase and the partition coefficient between intermicellar aqueous phase and micellar aggregate have not been clarified. The present study deals with the distribution of cholesterol and monomer activity in constant bile salt-fatty acid micellar solutions with different cholesterol concentrations. In addition, uptake of cholesterol from these micellar solutions into rat jejunum was studied using everted sacs.

Possible role of pancreatic insulin and glucagon in the hyperlipidemia and obesity of obese strain of chicken.

Circulating levels of insulin, glucagon, thyroid hormones as well as lipid levels were determined in an obese strain of chicken and their lean controls. Hepatic and muscle glycogen and lipids were also measured. Obese birds had higher plasma lipids accompanied by significantly higher insulin and lower glucagon levels compared to lean controls.

Propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroid hyperlipidemic chick: a model for clofibrate-induced toxicity.

An animal model for clinically observed clofibrate (p-chlorophenoxy isobutyrate, CPIB)-induced toxicity has been tested. It is demonstrated that propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroid-hyperlipidemic chick develops severe toxic manifestations following clofibrate administration. Toxic symptoms are characterized by listlessness, drowziness, and extreme muscular weakness.

Failure of exogenous prostaglandin to afford complete protection against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat.

The protective effect of 16, 16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 (dm-PGE2) against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity was determined in the rat. The dm-PGE2 was administered at two dose levels both before and after acetaminophen administration. The hepatotoxicity was evaluated by a rise in serum transaminases 24 h after acetaminophen administration and by histological examination of liver preparations.

Inhibitory effect of propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism in rat on oxidative drug metabolism.

The effect of propylthiouracil (PTU) pretreatment on in vivo and in vitro oxidative drug metabolism was determined in the rat. Whereas pentobarbital sleeping time (PBST) and zoxazolamine paralysis time (ZZPT) were used as indices of in vivo drug metabolizing activity, biotransformation of aminopyrine and aniline by hepatic microsomal preparations were used as indices of in vitro drug metabolizing enzymes activities. PTU pretreatment significantly prolonged both PBST and ZZPT.

Sarcoidlike granulomas as an early manifestation of Whipple's disease.

Whipple's disease is often accompanied by a long, preintestinal phase of vague symptoms, such as weight loss, fever, and migratory arthralgia, which may delay diagnosis and proper treatment. We report a patient who presented with sarcoidlike granulomas in the lung 1.5 yr before the development of gastrointestinal symptoms.

Effect of intraluminal pH on cholesterol and oleic acid absorption from micellar solutions in the rat.

We have studied the effects of intraluminal pH on micellar solubilization and on absorption rate of oleic acid (OA) and cholesterol in proximal small bowel segments and the total small bowel in rats. In addition, pH effect on fecal excretion of [3H]cholesterol was studied over a period of 4 days after duodenal administration of cholesterol in solutions at different pH using beta-sitosterol as a nonabsorbable marker. Rates of absorption of OA and cholesterol were, respectively, 1.

Effect of acetaminophen toxicity on erythrocyte osmotic fragility in the Fisher rat.

The protective effect of propylthiouracil (PTU) pretreatment against acetaminophen-induced erythrocyte osmotic fragility was determined in the male Fisher rat. Hepatotoxicity was assessed for comparative purposes. PTU (0.

Effects of propylthiouracil on urinary metabolites of cyclophosphamide in rats.

Our previous studies have shown a protective effect of propylthiouracil (PTU) pretreatment against the toxicity of cyclophosphamide (CP). The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of the PTU protection. CP is metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 drug-metabolizing enzyme system in the liver to alkylating metabolites, to active antineoplastic agents, and to acrolein, the most toxic and least antineoplastic metabolite.

Hepatotoxicity and metabolism of acetaminophen in male and female rats.

This present study was designed to assess the role of metabolic and pharmacokinetic factors in the lower susceptibility of female rats compared to male rats to xenobiotics metabolized by the cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed-function oxidase (MFO) system. Adult intact male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered labeled acetaminophen (1 g/kg body weight + 5 microCi [3H]acetaminophen) after an overnight fast. They were bled and killed at 0.

Effect of riboflavin status on acetaminophen toxicity in the rat.

The effect of riboflavin status on acetaminophen hepatotoxicity was determined in the rat. Groups of rats were fed one of the following diets: "riboflavin-free" (RFF), low riboflavin (LRF), high riboflavin (HRF), or high riboflavin pair-fed (HRF pair-fed) with RFF group. After riboflavin deficiency was established by determining erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient, rats in all groups were administered a toxic dose of acetaminophen (1 g/kg body weight) orally.

Prevention of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by propylthiouracil in the glutathione depleted rat.

This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of PTU pretreatment against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in rats whose hepatic GSH had been depleted by prior diethylmaleate (DEM) administration. A single injection of DEM depleted hepatic GSH showing lowest level after 90 min in both control and PTU pretreated rats. Triple injection schedule kept the hepatic GSH concentrations consistently very low up to 6 hr.

Colonic lymphoma producing alpha-chain disease protein.

Alpha-chain disease with involvement of small intestine-resulting in characteristic villus atrophy and malabsorption has not been reported in this country. We studied a 57-yr-old male who presented with a polypoid tumor of the hepatic flexure of the colon. There was no evidence of malabsorption as manifested by a normal fat balance, serum carotene, and D-xylose absorption studies and the small bowel biopsy did not show villus atrophy.