Ayahuasca Pretreatment Prevents Sepsis-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Oxidative Stress, and Increases Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor.

The psychoactive decoction Ayahuasca (AYA) used for therapeutic and religious purposes by indigenous groups and peoples from Amazonian regions produces anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Thus, it may be useful to attenuate the neuroinflammation and related anxiety- and depressive-like symptoms elicited by inflammatory insults such as sepsis. Rats were pretreated for 3 days with different doses of AYA.

Resistance Index as a Prognostic Factor for Patency in Distal Lower Limb Arterial Revascularization.

Background: Critical limb ischemia (CLI) of the lower limbs (LLs) is a severe condition caused by peripheral arterial obstructive disease (PAOD). Surgical planning for CLI requires the study of limb circulation, and the vascular resistance index (RI) measured by Doppler ultrasound (US) has been used to aid in surgical decision-making. The objective is to correlate the RI of recipient arteries with the patency of LL revascularization surgeries in patients with CLI.

Amelioration of Neurochemical Alteration and Memory and Depressive Behavior in Sepsis by Allopurinol, a Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase Inhibitor.

Background: In response to inflammation and other stressors, tryptophan is catalyzed by Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase (TDO), which leads to activation of the kynurenine pathway. Sepsis is a serious condition in which the body responds improperly to an infection, and the brain is the inflammation target in this condition.

Objective: This study aimed to determine if the induction of TDO contributes to the permeability of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), mortality, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, besides long-term behavioral alterations in a preclinical model of sepsis.

Vascular resistance index and the immediate hemodynamic success of lower limb distal artery revascularization.

Background: Revascularization surgery is used to attempt to restore blood flow to the foot in patients with critical ischemia (CI) caused by peripheral arterial occlusive disease of the lower limbs (LL). Ultrasonography with Doppler (USD) SAH emerged in recent years as a highly valuable method for planning this surgical intervention.

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between the resistance index (RI), measured with USD, and immediate hemodynamic success of LL revascularization surgery in patients with CI.

Correlation between the vascular resistance index and arteriography for assessment of the distal arterial bed in chronic limb threatening ischemia.

Background: Patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) of the lower limbs (LL) undergo arteriography for revascularization surgery planning. Doppler ultrasound (DU) is non-invasive and can provide information about the distal arteries through measurement of the resistance index (RI).

Objectives: To correlate the Rutherford Angiographic Classification with the RI for assessment of the distal arterial bed of the LL.

Effects of auriculotherapy on anxiety and biomarkers in Primary Health Care: a clinical trial.

Objective: to assess the effects of auriculotherapy on anxiety and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) serum levels in adults assisted in Primary Health Care.

Methods: a pre-experimental pilot clinical trial. Information was obtained from 19 patients using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and analysis of BDNF, NSE and S100B serum levels.

Executive functions beyond the "Holy Trinity": A scoping review.

Objective: Executive functions (EFs) are a multifaceted construct, important for several outcomes throughout life. The most commonly addressed executive components are inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. To map how other executive components are addressed conceptually and methodologically in the literature, a scoping review was carried out.

Bacterial cellulose biomaterials for the treatment of lower limb ulcers.

Chronic ulcers of the lower limbs are common and recurrent, especially in the elderly population, they are disabling injuries that generate a great socioeconomic burden. This scenario encourages the development of new, low-cost therapeutic alternatives. The present study aims to describe the use of bacterial cellulose in the treatment of lower limb ulcers.

Effect of Obesity and Bariatric Surgery on Saphenous Veins.

Purpose: Obesity is a risk factor for chronic venous disease (CVD) of the lower limbs (LL), affecting venous anatomy and physiology. Weight loss after bariatric surgery (BS) can reduce intra-abdominal pressure, improve mobility, and ultimately improve venous hemodynamics and CVD-related symptoms. There are no studies in the literature that adequately assess the effect of the obesity and BS on the LL veins, especially the saphenous veins (SV).

Ultrasound findings in severe COVID-19: a deeper look through the carotid arteries.

Objective: To investigate vascular and perivascular abnormalities in the carotid arteries using ultrasound, as well as to evaluate their association with mortality and clinical variables in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective study in which 53 hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 were evaluated and underwent carotid ultrasound. We documented the carotid ultrasound findings in these patients.

Effects of complex decongestive therapy and aquatic physiotherapy on markers of the inflammatory process in individuals with lymphedema.

Background: Chronic lymphedema is a progressive and inflammatory disease caused by impaired lymphatic transport.

Purpose: This study evaluates the effects of complex decongestive therapy (CDT) and aquatic physiotherapy on markers of the inflammatory process and lower limb volumes in individuals with lymphedema.

Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out with three groups: patients with lymphedema submitted to CDT, patients with lymphedema submitted to aquatic physiotherapy, and control group of individuals without lymphedema.

Padrões tomográficos de agentes etiológicos da pneumonia durante o primeiro ano após transplante renal.

Objetivo: Avaliar os padrões tomográficos relacionados aos agentes etiológicos da pneumonia em pacientes durante o primeiro ano após transplante renal.

Materiais E MÉtodos: Foram analisados dados de prontuários de 956 pacientes submetidos a transplante renal, no período de 2013 a 2018, em um centro transplantador renal do nordeste do Brasil. Nos pacientes que desenvolveram pneumonia, os agentes etiológicos foram classificados em bactérias piogênicas, micobactérias, fungos, vírus e pneumonia polimicrobiana, enquanto os padrões tomográficos foram classificados em consolidação, broncopneumonia, pneumonia intersticial e nódulos e massas.

A comprehensive program of cognitive stimulation with digital inclusion, physical activity and social interaction can modify BDNF levels and improve cognition in adults over 50: a randomized controlled pilot study.

Objectives: To analyze the effect of a comprehensive program of cognitive stimulation with digital inclusion, physical activity and social interaction, called "Oficina da Lembrança" (OL), on the cognitive status and concentration of biomarkers of neuroplasticity, neurodegeneration in adults aged 50 years and over attending a Memory Clinic.

Methods: In this pilot randomized controlled study, 64 patients without dementia aged 45 to 79 years, seen at a University Memory Clinic in Southern Brazil, were randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups. The intervention consisted of participation in OL for 12 weeks.

Bacterial cellulose an effective material in the treatment of chronic venous ulcers of the lower limbs.

Chronic venous ulcers (CVU) of the lower limbs (LL) are common and cause psychological changes and significant social impact, as they make the patient susceptible to pain, absence from work and social bonds. Some materials are suggested as dressings for the treatment of CVU, but they are expensive and are generally not available for use in public health services. To evaluate the efficacy of the treatment for lower limbs (LL) chronic venous ulcer (CVU) using bacterial cellulose (BC), gel and multi-perforated film associated.

Quality of life assessment before and after surgery for lower limb varicose veins.

Background: Lower limb varicose veins are one of the most prevalent diseases in the global population. The disease is chronic and has a great impact on patients' quality of life, limiting daily activities and functional performance. Several authors have emphasized the importance of including quality of life assessment in management of patients with chronic venous disease.

Nursing in mechanical prevention of venous thromboembolism in surgical patients.

Objective: This theoretical study aims to discuss the role of nurses in the mechanical prevention of venous thromboembolism in surgical patients.

Method: The study considered the updated versions of the main international guidelines and reviews on the topic. Non-pharmacological measures to prevent venous thromboembolism in surgical patients and the role of nurses are discussed.

Evaluation of pentoxifylline and ferrous sulfate for treatment of lower limb venous ulcers.

Background: Venous ulcers (VU) are the most advanced stage of chronic venous disease (CVD) of the lower limbs. They are frequently associated with episodes of hemorrhage that can provoke chronic anemia (CA), delaying healing. There are no studies in the literature analyzing the prevalence of CA among patients with VU of the lower limbs and few studies have analyzed use of pentoxifylline to treat VU of the lower limbs.

Silver nanoprisms as plasmonic enhancers applied in the photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bubaline mastitis.

Mastitis is a bacterial infection that affects all lactating mammals, and in dairy cattle, it leads to a reduction in their milk production and, in worse cases, it may lead to animal death. One viable therapeutic modality for overcoming bacterial resistance can be photodynamic inactivation (PDI), a therapeutic modality for bacterial infection treatment. One of the main factors that can lead to an efficient PDI process is the association of metallic nanoparticles in the close vicinity of photosensitizers, which has shown promising results due to localized surface plasmon resonance phenomena.

COVID-19 and obesity: the meeting of two pandemics.

COVID-19 and obesity are two pandemic diseases that the world is currently facing. Both activate the immune system and mediate inflammation. A sequence of disease phases in patients with severe COVID-19 results in a cytokine storm, which amplifies the subclinical inflammation that already exists in patients with obesity.

Translational Control during Mammalian Neocortex Development and Postembryonic Neuronal Function.

The control of mRNA translation has key roles in the regulation of gene expression and biological processes such as mammalian cellular differentiation and identity. Methodological advances in the last decade have resulted in considerable progress towards understanding how translational control contributes to the regulation of diverse biological phenomena. In this review, we discuss recent findings in the involvement of translational control in the mammalian neocortex development and neuronal biology.