The Injury Progression in Acute Blast-Induced Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats Reflected by Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Immunohistochemical Examination.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has emerged as a promising neuroimaging tool for detecting blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury (bmTBI). However, lack of refined acute-phase monitoring and reliable imaging biomarkers hindered its clinical application in early diagnosis of bmTBI, leading to potential long-term disability of patients. In this study, we used DTI in a rat model of bmTBI generated by exposing to single lateral blast waves (151.

Progressive alteration of dynamic functional connectivity patterns in subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment patients.

Alterations in the temporal evolution of brain states in the process of cognitive impairment aggravation due to subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) is not understood. The dynamic functional connectivity was investigated to identify the abnormal temporal properties of brain states associated with cognitive impairment caused by SIVD. Eighteen patients with subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia (SIVCIND), 19 dementia patients (SIVaD) and 26 normal controls were enrolled.

Effects of acute high-altitude exposure on working memory: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Introduction: Inadequate oxygen availability may lead to impairment of neurocognitive functions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of acute high-altitude exposure on the cerebral hemodynamic response and working memory.

Methods: The same subjects performed working memory exercises with forward and backward digit span tasks both under normal oxygen conditions and in large simulated hypobaric hypoxia chambers, and a series of physiological parameters were evaluated.

Corrigendum: Aging Changes Effective Connectivity of Motor Networks During Motor Execution and Motor Imagery.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.

Disrupted Brain Structural Connectivity Network in Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Cognitive Impairment With No Dementia.

The alteration of the functional topological organization in subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia (SIVCIND) patients has been illuminated by previous neuroimaging studies. However, in regard to the changes in the structural connectivity of brain networks, little has been reported. In this study, a total of 27 subjects, consisting of 13 SIVCIND patients, and 14 normal controls, were recruited.

Aging Changes Effective Connectivity of Motor Networks During Motor Execution and Motor Imagery.

Age-related neurodegenerative and neurochemical changes are considered to be the basis for the decline of motor function; however, the change of effective connections in cortical motor networks that come with aging remains unclear. Here, we investigated the age-related changes of the dynamic interaction between cortical motor regions. Twenty young subjects and 20 older subjects underwent both right hand motor execution (ME) and right hand motor imagery (MI) tasks by using functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Brain Functional Connectivity Plasticity Within and Beyond the Sensorimotor Network in Lower-Limb Amputees.

Cerebral neuroplasticity after amputation has been elucidated by functional neuroimaging. However, little is known concerning how brain network-level functional reorganization of the sensorimotor system evolves following lower-limb amputation. We studied 32 unilateral lower-limb amputees (LLAs) and 32 matched healthy controls (HCs) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).

Progressively Disrupted Brain Functional Connectivity Network in Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Cognitive Impairment Patients.

Cognitive impairment caused by subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) has been elucidated by many neuroimaging studies. However, little is known regarding the changes in brain functional connectivity networks in relation to the severity of cognitive impairment in SIVD. In the present study, 20 subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment no dementia patients (SIVCIND) and 20 dementia patients (SIVaD) were enrolled; additionally, 19 normal controls were recruited.

Disrupted structural and functional connectivity networks in ischemic stroke patients.

Local lesions caused by stroke may result in extensive structural and functional reorganization in the brain. Previous studies of this phenomenon have focused on specific brain networks. Here, we aimed to discover abnormalities in whole-brain networks and to explore the decoupling between structural and functional connectivity in patients with stroke.

Abnormal functional networks in resting-state of the sub-cortical chronic stroke patients with hemiplegia.

The aim of this study is to identify the properties of the motor network and the default-mode network (DMN) of the sub-cortical chronic stroke patients, and to study the relationship between the network connectivity and the neurological scales of the stroke patients. Twenty-eight chronic stroke patients (28-77days post-stroke) and twenty-eight healthy control subjects (HCs) were recruited. Independent component analysis (ICA) was performed to obtain the motor network and the DMN.

Relationship between functional connectivity and motor function assessment in stroke patients with hemiplegia: a resting-state functional MRI study.

Introduction: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to examine the brain mechanisms of stroke patients with hemiplegia, but the relationship between functional connectivity (FC) and treatment-induced motor function recovery has not yet been fully investigated. This study aimed to identify the brain FC changes in stroke patients and study the relationship between FC and motor function assessment using the resting-state fMRI.

Methods: Seventeen stroke patients with hemiplegia and fifteen healthy control subjects (HCSs) were recruited in this study.

Alteration of Brain Functional Networks in Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease: A Resting-State fMRI Study.

Although alterations of topological organization have previously been reported in the brain functional network of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, the topological properties of the brain network in early-stage PD patients who received antiparkinson treatment are largely unknown. This study sought to determine the topological characteristics of the large-scale functional network in early-stage PD patients. First, 26early-stage PD patients (Hoehn and Yahr stage:1-2) and 30 age-matched normal controls were scanned using resting-state functional MRI.

Age-specific activation of cerebral areas in motor imagery--a fMRI study.

Introduction: The objectives of this study were to study the age-specific activation patterns of cerebral areas during motor execution (ME) and motor imaging (MI) of the upper extremities and to discuss the age-related neural mechanisms associated with ME or MI.

Methods: The functional magnetic resonance imaging technique was used to monitor the pattern and intensity of brain activation during the ME and MI of the upper extremities in 20 elderly (>50 years) and 19 young healthy subjects (<25 years).

Results: No major differences were identified regarding the activated brain areas during ME or MI between the two groups; however, a minor difference was noted.

Negative emotion regulation in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Objective: To explore the neural mechanisms of negative emotion regulation in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Methods: Twenty PTSD patients and 20 healthy subjects were recruited. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the modification of emotional responses to negative stimuli.