Multimodal deep learning approaches for precision oncology: a comprehensive review.

The burgeoning accumulation of large-scale biomedical data in oncology, alongside significant strides in deep learning (DL) technologies, has established multimodal DL (MDL) as a cornerstone of precision oncology. This review provides an overview of MDL applications in this field, based on an extensive literature survey. In total, 651 articles published before September 2024 are included.

Integrin α6-containing extracellular vesicles promote lymphatic remodelling for pre-metastatic niche formation in lymph nodes via interplay with CD151.

Heterogeneous extracellular vesicles (EVs) from various types of tumours are acknowledged for inducing the formation of pre-metastatic "niches" in draining lymph nodes (LNs) to promote lymphatic metastasis. In order to identify the specific subpopulations of EVs involved, we performed high-resolution proteomic analysis combined with nanoflow cytometry of bladder cancer (BCa) tissue-derived EVs to identify a novel subset of tumour-derived EVs that contain integrin α6 (ITGA6EVs) and revealed the positive correlation of ITGA6EVs with the formation of pre-metastatic niche in draining LNs and lymphatic metastasis in multicentre clinical analysis of 820-case BCa patients. BCa-derived ITGA6EVs induced E-selectin (SELE)-marked lymphatic remodelling pre-metastatic niche and promoted metastasis in draining LNs through delivering cargo circRNA-LIPAR to lymphatic endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro.

DNA methylation and whole-genome transcription analysis in CD4 T cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients with or without renal damage.

Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is the most common cause of kidney injury in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and is associated with increased mortality. DNA methylation, one of the most important epigenetic modifications, has been reported as a key player in the pathogenesis of SLE. Hence, our article aimed to explore DNA methylation in CD4 T cells from LNs to identify additional potential biomarkers and pathogenic genes involved in the progression of LN.

Prevalence of cognitive impairment and its predictors among chronic kidney disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cognitive impairment (CI) is common among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and is associated with a poor prognosis. We assessed the prevalence and associated factors of CI in patients with CKD.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by searching PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science through December 1, 2023.

Yi-Shen-Hua-Shi regulates intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and protects against proteinuria in patients with chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled study.

Context: Yi-Shen-Hua-Shi (YSHS) is a traditional Chinese medicine that treats chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, its efficacy in reducing proteinuria and underlying mechanisms is unknown.

Objective: This single-center randomized controlled trial explored whether YSHS could improve proteinuria and modulate the gut microbiota.

Guillain-Barré syndrome: immunopathogenesis and therapeutic targets.

Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a group of acute immune-mediated disorders in the peripheral nervous system. Both infectious and noninfectious factors are associated with GBS, which may act as triggers of autoimmune responses leading to neural damage and dysfunction.

Areas Covered: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its vaccines as well as flaviviruses have been associated with GBS, although a robust conclusion has yet to be reached.

Hypoxic Conditioning: A Potential Perioperative Strategy to Reduce Abdominal Aortic Occlusion-Related Injury in Mouse Proximal and Distal Organs.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of abdominal aortic occlusion (AAO)- induced injury on the kidney, lower limb muscles, heart, and brain in mice, and the potential protective effects of hypoxic postconditioning (HyC). The experimental design employed an abdominal aortic occlusion (AAO) model, and involved three groups of mice: sham, AAO, and AAO+HyC. Ten minutes after the AAO model, mice were subjected to hypoxic treatment lowering oxygen concentration to 5% within 45 minutes, and then returned to a normal oxygen environment.

An updated meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor treatment of anemia in nondialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease.

Background: Renal anemia, a common complication and threat factor of chronic kidney disease (CKD), has long been treated with injectable erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs). As concerns regarding cardiovascular safety and erythropoietin resistance to ESAs have emerged, alternative therapies are urgently needed. Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI), an oral agent, has been proven to be effective in improving renal anemia.

Caffeine intake improves the cognitive performance of patients with chronic kidney disease.

Objective: Cognitive impairment is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Caffeine intake has been reported to improve cognitive performance in several studies. However, whether the benefits of caffeine intake on cognitive function apply to patients with CKD remains unknown.

Irisin alleviates vascular calcification by inhibiting VSMC osteoblastic transformation and mitochondria dysfunction via AMPK/Drp1 signaling pathway in chronic kidney disease.

Background And Aims: Vascular calcification (VC) is an intricate active process, significantly controlled by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in VC and VSMCs osteoblastic transformation. We previously reported that decreased levels of Irisin were independently associated with VC in hemodialysis patients.

Severity of frailty as a significant predictor of mortality for hemodialysis patients: a prospective study in China.

Frailty is known to be highly prevalent in older hemodialysis (HD) patients. We studied the prevalence of frailty and its associated factors in Chinese HD patients. We further studied if frailty could predict survival in HD patients.

Lower serum irisin levels are associated with the increasing mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in hemodialysis patients.

Background: Irisin is a recently discovered myokine/adipokine and lower levels of irisin were proved to be associated with adverse outcomes of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVD) in general population. A significant decrease of irisin concentrations were also detected in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In the present study, we investigated whether the serum irisin levels were associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Comparing the predictive values of five scales for 4-year all-cause mortality in critically ill elderly patients with sepsis.

Background: Several severity scales have been documented to predict the short-term mortality of septic patients. However, the predictive efficacies of different severity scales in the long-term mortality of the elderly have yet to be evaluated.

Methods: In the retrospective study, a cohort of 4,370 elderly (≥65 years) septic patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were divided into three different age groups, i.

Benefits of resistant starch type 2 for patients with end-stage renal disease under maintenance hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Resistant starch type 2 (RS2) has been documented to regulate gut microbiota and to improve the clinical outcomes of several diseases. However, whether RS2 may benefit patients with end-stage renal disease under maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) remains unknown. We conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Convulsive status epilepticus as the initial presentation of superwarfarin poisoning: a case report.

Bromadiolone, a widely-used rodent control drug, could act as a long-acting anticoagulant. Patients of bromadiolone poisoning often present with multiorgan hemorrhage. However, neurological symptoms of bromadiolone poisoning are seldom reported.

Factors Associated with Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in an Apparently Healthy Chinese Population.

Purpose: To investigate the factors influencing brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in an apparently healthy Chinese population, especially the associations between baPWV and indices of blood pressure (BP).

Methods: A total of 1123 participants with no history of hypertension were enrolled in this study, and the baPWV and BP of all four limbs were measured along with other covariates. Correlation analyses and multivariate linear regression models were used to identify factors associated with baPWV.

Better pulmonary function is associated with greater handgrip strength in a healthy Chinese Han population.

Background: Handgrip strength (HGS) has been widely studied in clinical and epidemiological settings, but the relationship between HGS and pulmonary function is still controversial. This study analysed pulmonary function and HGS stratified by sex and age in a healthy Chinese Han population, as well as the associations between HGS and pulmonary function parameters.

Methods: HGS was measured by a Jamar dynamometer and pulmonary function was tested using a portable spirometer.