Longitudinal analysis of echocardiographic and cardiac biomarker variables in dogs with atrial fibrillation: The optimal rate control in dogs with atrial fibrillation II study.

Background: Rate control (RC; meanHR ≤ 125 bpm) increases survival in dogs with atrial fibrillation (AF). The mechanisms remain unclear.

Hypothesis/objectives: Investigate echocardiographic and biomarker differences between RC and non-RC (NRC) dogs.

Congenital right atrial diverticulum in a kitten.

A four-month-old domestic shorthair cat with no clinical signs was referred for further examination of a heart murmur. An echocardiogram revealed marked right atrial dilation, extending into the left hemithorax. Computed tomography angiography was conducted to investigate further, which revealed a balloon-shaped, contrast-filled cavity on the cranial and left side of the chest that connected to the right atrium through a narrow passage.

Automated echocardiographic left ventricular dimension assessment in dogs using artificial intelligence: Development and validation.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) could improve accuracy and reproducibility of echocardiographic measurements in dogs.

Hypothesis: A neural network can be trained to measure echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) linear dimensions in dogs.

Animals: Training dataset: 1398 frames from 461 canine echocardiograms from a single specialist center.

Differences in Left Ventricular Enlargement Secondary to Chronic Volume Loading Between English Springer Spaniels and Two Similar Sporting Breeds.

Introduction: English springer spaniels have larger, rounder ventricles than most other breeds. How this geometry impacts responses to volume overload remains unknown. We compared left ventricular size between English springer spaniels and two similarly sized sporting breeds (Border collies and Labrador retrievers) in naturally occurring chronic left ventricular volume loading conditions (mitral regurgitation and patent ductus arteriosus [PDA]) to examine whether differences in remodelling responses exist between these breeds.

Prophylactic use of a lidocaine constant rate infusion versus saline in dogs undergoing balloon valvuloplasty for management of pulmonic stenosis: A randomized control trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a prophylactic lidocaine constant rate infusion (CRI) on the incidence and malignancy of catheter-induced ventricular ectopic complexes (VECs) during balloon valvuloplasty for management of pulmonic stenosis in dogs.

Study Design: Single-centre, prospective, randomized study.

Animals: Client-owned dogs (n = 70) with pulmonic stenosis.

Optimal rate control in dogs with atrial fibrillation-ORCA study-Multicenter prospective observational study: Prognostic impact and predictors of rate control.

Background: The optimal heart rate (HR) in dogs with atrial fibrillation (AF) is unknown. Impact of HR on survival needs elucidation.

Hypothesis/objectives: Dogs with a 24 hours Holter-derived meanHR ≤125 beats per minute (bpm; rate controlled) survive longer than dogs with higher meanHR.

The importance of school in the management of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): issues identified by adolescents and their families.

Paediatric Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME)/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is a disabling condition. Schools play a key role in adolescents' experiences with managing ME/CFS. However, little is known about the experiences of adolescents with ME/CFS (and their families) in schools.

Outcome clinical audit: analyses of interventional closure of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine whether conducting a clinical audit was achievable in a group of centres that perform interventional cardiac procedures and to report the success and complications rates in dogs diagnosed with patent ductus arteriosus.

Methods: This was a multicentre, European-wide, prospective study. Patient data were entered into a bespoke database prior to commencing interventional closure of patent ductus arteriosus in all animals undergoing this procedure during the study period.

Computed tomography diagnosis of a caval-azygos communication in a dog with cor triatriatum dexter.

An 18-month-old Springer Spaniel was presented for investigation of ascites, exercise intolerance and suspected cor triatriatum dexter. Division of the right atrium into two separate chambers by an anomalous perforated membrane consistent with cor triatriatum dexter was confirmed during echocardiography. However, a routine agitated saline contrast (bubble) study yielded results that could not be explained by the congenital heart defect alone.

Qualitative study of the acceptability and feasibility of acceptance and commitment therapy for adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome.

Background: Paediatric chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is disabling and relatively common. Although evidenced-based treatments are available, at least 15% of children remain symptomatic after one year of treatment. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is an alternative therapy option; however, little is known about whether it is an acceptable treatment approach.

Loneliness and mental health in children and adolescents with pre-existing mental health problems: A rapid systematic review.

Objectives: Periods of social isolation are associated with loneliness in children and young people, and loneliness is associated with poor mental and physical health. Children and young people with pre-existing mental health difficulties may be prone to loneliness. Containment of COVID-19 has necessitated widespread social isolation, with unprecedented school closures and restrictions imposed on social interactions.

"Crazy person is crazy person. It doesn't differentiate": an exploration into Somali views of mental health and access to healthcare in an established UK Somali community.

Background: Mental health conditions have been shown to disproportionately affect those from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities. Somali communities globally have relatively high levels of mental illness, but low levels of mental health service use, with numerous barriers to care identified. This study was conducted in an established UK Somali community in the South West of England and aimed to explore community beliefs and views about the causes of mental illness, treatment for mental illness, and access to medical services in general.

Anaesthetic management and complications of transvascular patent ductus arteriosus occlusion in dogs.

Objective: To retrospectively analyse the anaesthetic management, complications and haemodynamic changes in a cohort of dogs undergoing transvascular patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion in a tertiary referral centre (from January 2017 to August 2018).

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: A total of 49 client-owned dogs.

Digital Behavior Change Interventions for Younger Children With Chronic Health Conditions: Systematic Review.

Background: The prevalence of chronic health conditions in childhood is increasing, and behavioral interventions can support the management of these conditions. Compared with face-to-face treatment, the use of digital interventions may be more cost-effective, appealing, and accessible, but there has been inadequate attention to their use with younger populations (children aged 5-12 years).

Objective: This systematic review aims to (1) identify effective digital interventions, (2) report the characteristics of promising interventions, and (3) describe the user's experience of the digital intervention.

Rapid Systematic Review: The Impact of Social Isolation and Loneliness on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in the Context of COVID-19.

Objective: Disease containment of COVID-19 has necessitated widespread social isolation. We aimed to establish what is known about how loneliness and disease containment measures impact on the mental health in children and adolescents.

Method: For this rapid review, we searched MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Web of Science for articles published between January 1, 1946, and March 29, 2020.

How are behavioural interventions delivered to children (5-11 years old): a systematic mapping review.

Context: Behavioural interventions are used to prevent, manage and treat a wide variety of conditions including obesity, diabetes, chronic pain, asthma and emotional difficulties. There has been inadequate attention to the delivery of behavioural interventions to younger children (5-11 years old).

Objective: Our objectives were to describe the characteristics of behavioural interventions for children aged 5-11 years.

Coughing in dogs: what is the evidence for and against a cardiac cough?

Cough has been historically reported as a major clinical sign of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in dogs. However, recent evidence appears to contradict the traditional dogmatic approach that linked cough to congestive heart failure in dogs. Here we use a question-based format to introduce and discuss the modern evidence regarding "cardiac cough" and the interpretation of this important but often misleading clinical sign.

Assessment of left ventricular function in healthy Great Danes and in Great Danes with dilated cardiomyopathy using speckle tracking echocardiography.

Objectives: Assess global circumferential and radial systolic and diastolic myocardial function with speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in healthy Great Danes (GD) and in GD diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

Animals: Eighty-nine GD were included in the study: 39 healthy (normal group [NORMg]) and 50 diagnosed with DCM (DCMg).

Methods: This was a retrospective study.

Maternal Competition in Women.

We examined maternal competition, an unexplored form of competition between women. Given women's high investment in offspring and mothers' key role in shaping their reproductive, social, and cultural success as adults, we might expect to see maternal competition between women as well as mate competition. Predictions about the effect of maternal characteristics (age, relationship status, educational background, number of children, investment in the mothering role) and child variables (age, sex) were drawn from evolutionary theory and sociological research.

A qualitative investigation of eating difficulties in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis.

Background: An estimated 10% of children and adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) experience eating difficulties; however, little is known about why these difficulties develop, what the impact is or how to manage them.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with adolescents (aged 12-17 years) attending a specialist service who have a primary diagnosis of CFS/ME and experience nausea, abdominal pain and/or eating difficulties. A total of 11 adolescents were interviewed (eight female, mean age: 15 years).

Cytological diagnosis of cardiac masses with ultrasound guided fine needle aspirates.

Background: Cardiac masses are uncommon in the canine population. When present, an attempt should be made to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Our goal with this case series was to report that as long as anatomic location permits, obtaining fine needle aspirates (FNAs) for cytological evaluation is practical, safe, and may provide a definitive diagnosis.

Left atrial size, atrial function and left ventricular diastolic function in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Objectives: To describe left atrial size, left atrial volume, left atrial function and left ventricular diastolic function in healthy cats and those with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without and with congestive heart failure.

Methods: A retrospective study of 61 client-owned, 21 healthy, 21 asymptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 19 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure cats. Data were retrieved from clinical records and echocardiography archives.

Prognostic value of 24-hour ambulatory ECG (Holter) monitoring in Boxer dogs.

Background: Boxer dogs are reported to be predisposed to arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), but the natural history has not been well characterized and inconsistent diagnostic criteria have been applied to identify affected dogs. Echocardiographic examination findings are unremarkable in many affected Boxer dogs, and in these dogs, 24-hour ambulatory ECG (Holter) monitoring often is used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, despite limited information available relating Holter findings to outcome.

Hypothesis/objectives: Boxers with complex ventricular arrhythmias at initial presentation will have shorter survival times.

The electrocardiogram of anesthetized captive adult emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae).

Objective: To characterize the electrocardiogram (ECG) of anesthetized adult emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae).

Animals: Ten clinically healthy adult emus anesthetised for routine physical examination and an electrocardiogram, for both monitoring and investigation into any evidence of cardiac disease.

Methods: The ECGs for each emu were obtained in right lateral recumbency, using a modified electrode placement that replicated the standard bipolar leads used in small mammals.