In many clinical and research settings, the scarcity of high-quality medical imaging datasets has hampered the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) clinical applications. This issue is particularly pronounced in less common conditions, underrepresented populations and emerging imaging modalities, where the availability of diverse and comprehensive datasets is often inadequate. To address this challenge, we introduce a unified medical image-text generative model called MINIM that is capable of synthesizing medical images of various organs across various imaging modalities based on textual instructions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResearch on virus/receptor interactions has uncovered various mechanisms of antibody-mediated neutralization against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, understanding of neutralization by antibodies targeting the silent face, which recognize epitopes on glycan shields, remains limited, and their potential protective efficacy in vivo is not well understood. This study describes a silent face neutralizing antibody, 3711, which targets a non-supersite on the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the spike protein.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging
November 2024
Unlabelled: Although the Omicron variant has been associated with greater transmissibility and tropism of the upper respiratory tract, the clinical and pathogenic features of patients infected with the Omicron variant during an outbreak in China have been unclear. Adults with COVID-19 were retrospectively enrolled from seven medical centers in Guangzhou, China, and clinical information and specimens ( BALF, sputum, and throat swabs) from participants were collected. Conventional detection methods, metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS), and other methods were used to detect pathogens in lower respiratory tract samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common forms of arthritis. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been identified as a viable alternative therapeutic approach in light of the present protracted clinical course of pharmacological treatment, and changes in levels of marker proteins in the blood samples of RA patients can be utilized to assess treatment outcomes.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted involving forty patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were assigned randomly to two groups.
Background: Microbial infection and colonization are frequently associated with disease progression and poor clinical outcomes in bronchiectasis. Identification of pathogen spectrum is crucial for precision treatment at exacerbation of bronchiectasis.
Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in patients with bronchiectasis exacerbation onset and stable state.
Background: In vitro fertilization (IVF) has emerged as a transformative solution for infertility. However, achieving favorable live-birth outcomes remains challenging. Current clinical IVF practices in IVF involve the collection of heterogeneous embryo data through diverse methods, including static images and temporal videos.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAging in an individual refers to the temporal change, mostly decline, in the body's ability to meet physiological demands. Biological age (BA) is a biomarker of chronological aging and can be used to stratify populations to predict certain age-related chronic diseases. BA can be predicted from biomedical features such as brain MRI, retinal, or facial images, but the inherent heterogeneity in the aging process limits the usefulness of BA predicted from individual body systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPoorly differentiated esophageal adenocarcinoma (PDEAC) has a dismal prognosis. Glypican-1(GPC-1) is known to be upregulated in several cancer types in contrast to healthy tissues, rendering it as a biomarker. Nevertheless, the potential therapeutic targeting of GPC-1 has not been explored in PDEAC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHost-pathogen interactions and pathogen evolution are underpinned by protein-protein interactions between viral and host proteins. An understanding of how viral variants affect protein-protein binding is important for predicting viral-host interactions, such as the emergence of new pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here we propose an artificial intelligence-based framework called UniBind, in which proteins are represented as a graph at the residue and atom levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/aim: The primary mode of therapy for individuals with locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is neoadjuvant chemotherapy, commonly 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). However, approximately 30% of these patients develop resistance to therapy. Glypican-1 (GPC-1) has been identified as one of the key drivers of chemoresistance in cancer; however, its role in EAC cells has not been explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe high risk of postoperative mortality in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients is principally driven by cancer recurrence and low response rates to adjuvant treatment. Here, A combined cohort containing 1,026 stage I-III patients was divided into the learning ( = 678) and validation datasets ( = 348). The former was used to establish a 16-mRNA risk signature for recurrence prediction with multiple statistical algorithms, which was verified in the validation set.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The early radiological signs of progression in bronchiectasis remain unclear. The objective of the present study was to compare endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT) and chest computed tomography (CT) for the evaluation of radiological progression of bronchiectasis stratification of the presence (TW) or absence (TW) of thickened-walled bronchioles surrounding dilated bronchi in patients with bronchiectasis based on CT, and determine the risk factors.
Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we performed both chest CT and EB-OCT at baseline and 5-year follow-up, to compare changes in airway calibre metrics.
Background: Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Data are lacking regarding physicians' perspectives on the diagnosis and management of IFD in China.
Objectives: To evaluate physicians' perspectives on the diagnosis and management of IFD.
Background: Glypican 1 (GPC1) is a heparan sulphate proteoglycan cell membrane protein. It is implicated in driving cancers of the breast, brain, pancreas, and prostate; however, its role in esophagogastric cancer (EGAC) remains unexplored. The aim of the study was to investigate and elucidate the molecular mechanistic of GPC1 in human EGAC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Observational studies demonstrate a protective effect of statins on the development and progression of esophageal adenocarcinoma. The role of statins in the prevention of reflux-induced esophageal changes remains unknown.
Aims: Using a mixed gastroduodenal reflux mouse model, we hypothesized that oral administration of simvastatin would attenuate reflux-induced mucosal changes of the distal esophagus.
Objectives: The mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel is central to pharmacologically induced tolerance to spinal cord injury. We hypothesized that both direct and nitric oxide-dependent indirect activation of the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel contribute to the induction of ischemic metabolic tolerance.
Methods: Spinal cord injury was induced in adult male C57BL/6 mice through 7 minutes of thoracic aortic crossclamping.
Front Microbiol
September 2021
Clinical value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in pneumonia management is still controversial. A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the clinical impact of PneumoSeq in 57 immunocompetent (ICO) and 75 immunocompromised (ICH) pneumonia patients. The value of PneumoSeq for both etiological and clinical impact investigation in pneumonia was assessed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Risk of adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients by stratifying by the time from symptom onset to confirmed diagnosis status is still uncertain.
Methods: We included 1,590 hospitalized COVID-19 patients confirmed by real-time RT-PCR assay or high-throughput sequencing of pharyngeal and nasal swab specimens from 575 hospitals across China between 11 December 2019 and 31 January 2020. Times from symptom onset to confirmed diagnosis, from symptom onset to first medical visit and from first medical visit to confirmed diagnosis were described and turned into binary variables by the maximally selected rank statistics method.
Background: Spinal cord injury remains a devastating complication of thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. We previously demonstrated that pretreatment with nicorandil preserved motor function in a murine spinal cord injury model through mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel activation. We hypothesized that the neuroprotective effect of nicorandil is mediated by downstream generation of reactive oxygen species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Various adhesion molecules, including intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), have been shown to play a role in inflammation as well as contribute to tumor progression and prognosis. We hypothesized that gastroduodenal reflux upregulates ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in the distal esophagus, serving as possible early markers of pathologic esophageal disease.
Methods: Normal human esophageal epithelial cells (HET1A), Barrett cells (CPB), and esophageal adenocarcinoma cells (FLO1 and OE33) were treated with deoxycholic acid at increasing concentrations for 24 hours.