Efficacy, safety, and biomarker analysis of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study.

Background: Recent phase III randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve prognosis in advanced HER-2-negative gastric cancer patients with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive score (CPS) higher than 5. However, these findings are not confirmed in real-world settings, and the benefits in PD-L1 CPS < 5 patients remain controversial.

Methods: In this multicenter, retrospective cohort study, data from across thirteen medical centers were analyzed by inverse probability of treatment weighting for matching, alongside univariate and multivariate COX proportional hazard regression models.

Integrative multi-omics and big data analysis of global nutrition and radiotherapy trends.

Background: Radiotherapy serves as a crucial modality in cancer treatment, frequently synergizing with other therapies to enhance patient outcomes. Unfortunately, radiotherapy is often accompanied by nutritional impairments, including dysphagia and malnutrition, which hinder patient recovery and treatment efficacy. Moreover, nutritional abnormalities accompanied by metabolic reprogramming may lead to alterations across multiple omics domains.

Identification of hsa-miR-193a-5p-SURF4 axis related to the gut microbiota-metabolites- cytokines in lung cancer based on Mendelian randomization study and bioinformatics analysis.

Background: Lung cancer is a significant disease that affects people's physical and mental health. Currently, the treatment outcomes still do not meet clinical needs, and the causes of the disease are still unclear, therefore further exploration is needed.

Methods: We analyzed the exposure factors of lung cancer, including gut microbiota, serum metabolites, and cytokines, through Mendelian randomization studies and bioinformatics analysis.

Ambient volatile organic compounds in a typical industrial city in southern China: Impacts of aromatic hydrocarbons from new industry.

New industrial parks, including fine chemical, medical manufacturers, etc., are emerging in modern cities in China, whereas their emissions and impacts have not been fully illuminated. In this study, ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Huizhou were measured in three functional zones, namely new industrial, roadside, and residential zones.

Causal role of immune cells in lung cancer subtypes: Mendelian randomization study.

Lung cancer, characterized by its high incidence and mortality rates, is a challenging malignancy to treat. Immunotherapy has emerged as a crucial treatment modality, yet its effectiveness varies significantly among patients due to the diverse immune microenvironment involved. Our study aims to analyze the similarities and differences in immune cell profiles across different subtypes of lung cancer.

Personal exposure monitoring of fine and coarse particulate matter using exposure assessment models for elderly residents in Hong Kong.

This study investigated the determinants of personal exposures (PE) to coarse (PM) and fine particulate matter (PM) for elderly communities in Hong Kong. The mean PE PM and PM were 23.6 ± 10.

Efficacy and Safety of Maintenance Therapy Using Cetuximab in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Retrospective Study.

Purpose: Cetuximab (CET) combined with chemotherapy significantly improved the survival in RAS and RAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients, while clinical evidence was lacking on the use of maintenance therapy (MT). The study aimed to explore the role of maintenance therapy following Cetuximab + chemotherapy and the optimal Cetuximab-based maintenance therapy regimen.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data on the efficacy and safety of CET-based MT in patients with mCRC who achieved disease control after induction therapy.

Insight into personal exposure characteristics and health effects of PM and PM-bound PAHs and their derivatives with different heating ways in the Fenwei Plain, China.

Personal exposure (PE) to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives in particulate matter with two aerodynamic sizes of 2.5 and 0.25 μm (PM and PM) from rural housewives was studied in the Fenwei Plain, China.

Could S-1-based non-platinum doublet chemotherapy be a new option as a second-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients? A multicenter retrospective study.

Background: For patients who have contraindications to or have failed checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapy remains the standard second-line option to treat non-oncogene-addicted advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of S-1-based non-platinum combination in advanced NSCLC patients who had failed platinum doublet chemotherapy.

Methods: During January 2015 and May 2020, advanced NSCLC patients who received S-1 plus docetaxel or gemcitabine after the failure of platinum-based chemotherapy were consecutively retrieved from eight cancer centers.

Associations of personal exposure to domestic heating and cooking fuel emissions and epidemiological effects on rural residents in the Fenwei Plain, China.

Solid fuel combustion for domestic heating in northern China in the wintertime is of great environmental and health concern. This study assesses personal exposure to particulate matter with different aerodynamic diameters and multiple gaseous pollutants from 123 rural residents in Yuncheng, the Fenwei Plain. The subjects are divided into groups based on the unique energy source applied, including biomass, coal, and electricity/no heating activities.

Immunotherapy combined with antiangiogenic agents in patients with advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma: A case report.

Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma has limited therapeutic options and a poor outcome. Antiangiogenic agents might increase the efficacy of immunotherapy as second-line treatment of advanced-stage malignancies.

Case Summary: A patient with stage IIIB pleural mesothelioma received second-line treatment with a combination of pembrolizumab, bevacizumab and chemotherapy following standard chemotherapy under the guidance of second-generation sequencing.

Chemical characterization of PM in heavy polluted industrial zones in the Guanzhong Plain, northwest China: Determination of fingerprint source profiles.

Industrial emission has been proved to be an important source of atmospheric PM, which causes serious air pollution and health impacts. The air quality of the industrial zones, which are the intermediate stationary areas between the direct emissions and diffusion to the atmosphere, is always overlooked. In this study, the PM filter samples were collected in the six representative types of industrial zones in four cities of the Guanzhong Plain in 2020.

Characteristics and health risks of parent, alkylated, and oxygenated PAHs and their contributions to reactive oxygen species from PM vehicular emissions in the longest tunnel in downtown Xi'an, China.

A vehicular emission study was conducted in the longest inner-city tunnel in Xi'an, northwestern China in four time periods (I: 07:30-10:30, II: 11:00-14:00, III: 16:30-19:30, and IV: 20:00-23:00 LST). A sum of 40 PAHs, including parent (p-PAHs), alkylated (a-PAHs), and oxygenated (o-PAHs) in fine particulate matter (PM) were quantified. The relationships between the PAHs and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also studied.

Explorations of tire and road wear microplastics in road dust PM at eight megacities in China.

Tire and road wear microplastics (TRWMPs) in road dust are a key source of atmospheric particulate matter and have an adverse impact on human health and the environment. In this study, samples of particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM) in road dust were collected from eight megacities in China to determine the TRWMP content, including that of natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and butadiene rubber (BR).

Chemical characteristics and sources of nitrogen-containing organic compounds at a regional site in the North China Plain during the transition period of autumn and winter.

Organic nitrogen constitutes a significant fraction of the nitrogen budget in particulate matter (PM). However, the composition and sources of nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) in PM remain unclear currently in North China Plain (NCP), China. Rare local or regional studies on NOCs were conducted.

Emission factors, characteristics, and gas-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM emitted for the typical solid fuel combustions in rural Guanzhong Plain, China.

Solid fuel is a the most dominant energy source for household usages in developing countries. In this study, emission characteristics on organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and fifty-two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in gaseous and particulate phases from seven fuel-stove combinations were studied in a typical rural village in northwest China. For the PAHs, the highest gaseous and particulate phase emission factors (EFs) were both observed for bituminous coal with one-stage stoves, ranging from 459 ± 154 to 1.

Chemical and toxicological characterization of particulate emissions from diesel vehicles.

This paper presents a detailed chemical and toxicological characterization of the diesel particulate matter (PM) emitted from diesel vehicles running on a chassis dynamometer under different driving conditions. Chemical analyses were performed to characterize the contents of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and 31 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the collected PM samples. The OC-EC analysis results revealed that PM emissions from diesel vehicles in this study were dominated by OC and that the emission of vehicles equipped with diesel particulate filters had high OC/EC ratios.

Characterization of organic aerosols in PM and their cytotoxicity in an urban roadside area in Hong Kong.

Organic compounds in fine particles play major roles in cardiopulmonary diseases. A study was conducted to determine the characteristics and cytotoxicity of organic aerosols (OA) in an urban roadside area in Hong Kong. Chemical components in nonrefractory submicron aerosol (NR-PM) were observed using a Quadrupole Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (Q-ACSM), and the chemical profile of organic compounds in NR-PM was examined with filter-based approach.

A comprehensive study on ozone pollution in a megacity in North China Plain during summertime: Observations, source attributions and ozone sensitivity.

Tropospheric ozone (O) pollution has been becoming prominent in North China Plain (NCP) in China since last decade. In order to clarify the source contribution and formation mechanism of O, the critical precursors of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured with both on-line and off-line methods in Luoyang City in summer of 2019. The concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NO, sum of NO and NO) and O were simultaneously monitored.

Temporal and spatial discrepancies of VOCs in an industrial-dominant city in China during summertime.

Ozone (O) pollution is currently problematic to cities across the globe. Many non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) are efficient O precursors. In this study, target volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including oxygenated VOCs (known as carbonyls), were monitored at eight sampling sites distributed in urban and suburban in the typical and industrial-dominant city of Shaoxing, Zhejiang province, China.