Bioelectrochemical technologies for soil and sediment remediation: Recent advances and future perspectives.

Soil and sediment serve as the ultimate repositories of pollutants, presenting a significant environmental concern on a global scale. However, there is no effective measure due to the low mobility, high resistance and high cost of contaminated soil or sediment. The bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) combine microbial and electrochemical technology to achieve efficient and rapid degradation of pollutants by enriching electroactive microbial membranes with electrodes.