Correction: Khavinson et al. Neuroprotective Effects of Tripeptides-Epigenetic Regulators in Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. 2021, , 515.

In the original publication [...

Novel Peptidomimetic Cyclo-{E(I)-E(W)}Na (CP-88) with Hematopoietic Activity Sustained in Invasive and Oral Administration: Experimental and Preclinical Evaluation.

Over the last decades, significant progress has been made in studying agonistic and antagonistic hematopoietic peptides. The main disadvantage of this class of peptides is their low stability with noninvasive administration methods, which limits the widespread use of hematopoiesis-regulated peptide drugs in medical practice. The aim of this work is to study novel peptidomimetics with hematopoietic activity sustained in invasive and oral administration.

Short Peptides Protect Fibroblast-Derived Induced Neurons from Age-Related Changes.

Neurons become more vulnerable to stress factors with age, which leads to increased oxidative DNA damage, decreased activity of mitochondria and lysosomes, increased levels of p16, decreased LaminB1 proteins, and the depletion of the dendritic tree. These changes are exacerbated in vulnerable neuronal populations during the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Glu-Asp-Arg (EDR) and Lys-Glu-Asp (KED), and Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly (AEDG) peptides have previously demonstrated neuroprotective effects in various models of Alzheimer's disease.

Melatonin Receptors and Serotonin: Age-Related Changes in the Ovaries.

Introduction: Melatonin and serotonin can influence certain aging processes in the ovaries. The main melatonin receptors are represented by types MT1 and MT2. The goal of investigation.

The First Reciprocal Activities of Chiral Peptide Pharmaceuticals: Thymogen and Thymodepressin, as Examples.

Peptides show high promise in the targeting and intracellular delivery of next-generation biotherapeutics. The main limitation is peptides' susceptibility to proteolysis in biological systems. Numerous strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge by chemically enhancing the resistance to proteolysis.

Endovascular Recanalization and Carotid Stenting: The New Approach to Restore Cerebral Perfusion during Aortic Dissection.

Unlabelled: A type A aortic dissection (TAAD) is a dangerous condition requiring emergency surgery. Due to the similarity of the symptoms of cerebral malperfusion in TAAD and the signs of ischemic stroke, a differential diagnosis of these diseases is not always available. Patients with TAAD after cerebral malperfusion can have a neurological deficit.

Spectrum of Surgical Site Infection Pathogens in Chronic Infectious Spondylitis Requiring Revision Surgery: A 5-Year Cohort Study.

Spectrum monitoring of the pathogen in spondylitis patients plays a key role in preventing infectious complications of spinal reconstructions in chronic spondylitis (CS) and in the treatment of surgical site infection (SSI). The aim of this study is to characterize the spectrum of SSI pathogens in CS requiring revision surgery. The primary cohort encompassed 569 surgical patients with infectious CS.

The Expression of Kisspeptins and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Extragenital Endometriosis.

Endometriosis is characterized by a condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterine cavity. The mechanisms of endometrium growth during endometriosis might be similar to the development of a tumor. The kisspeptin (KISS1) gene was initially discovered as a suppressor of metastasis.

[The influence of peptides on the chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells during replicative aging.].

Osteoarthritis is a widespread age-related disease, that has no effective targeted therapy. In this regard, bioengineering methods are being actively developed that can stimulate the restoration of cartilage tissue. These methods include chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells, which is stimulated by various biomolecules, including short peptides and polypeptide complexes.

[Chondrocytes secretory phenotype associated with aging: role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and prospects for peptide bioregulation.].

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a socially significant age-associated disease, for the treatment of which a search for new effective drugs is underway. The development of OA correlates with the development of the aging-associated secretory chondrocyte phenotype (SASP). The purpose of the review is to analyze the pool of signaling molecules that form SASP of chondrocytes in OA and substantiate the possibility of peptide chondroprotection.

[KE peptide regulates SIRT1, PARP1, PARP2 gene expression and protein synthesis in human mesenchymal stem cells aging.].

It was shown that KE peptide (Lys-Glu, vilon) has immunomodulatory, oncostatic and geroprotective effects. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of the KE peptide on gene expression and protein synthesis of SIRT1, PARP1, PARP2 during aging of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). The KE peptide increased gene expression and synthesis of the SIRT1 protein in «young» MSCs by 6 and 8,2 times, respectively.

Advancement from Small Peptide Pharmaceuticals to Orally Active Piperazine-2,5-dion-Based Cyclopeptides.

The oral delivery of peptide pharmaceuticals has long been a fundamental challenge in drug development. A new chemical platform was designed based on branched piperazine-2,5-diones for creating orally available biologically active peptidomimetics. The platform includes a bio-carrier with "built-in" functionally active peptide fragments or bioactive molecules that are covalently attached via linkers.

The Influence of KE and EW Dipeptides in the Composition of the Thymalin Drug on Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Involved in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19.

Thymalin is an immunomodulatory drug containing a polypeptide extract of thymus that has demonstrated efficacy in the therapy of acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as in complex therapy related to severe COVID-19 in middle-aged and elderly patients.. KE and EW dipeptides are active substances of Thymalin.

Molecular Markers of Early Immune Response in Tuberculosis: Prospects of Application in Predictive Medicine.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health problem and one of the leading causes of death. Individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) have an increased risk of developing active TB. The problem of the diagnosis of the various stages of TB and the identification of infected patients in the early stages has not yet been solved.

Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: Experimental Models and Perspectives of Molecular Diagnostics Using Quantum Dots.

Sarcoidosis is a complex inflammatory multisystem disease of unknown etiology that is characterised by epithelioid cell granulomatous lesions affecting various organs, mainly the lungs. In general, sarcoidosis is asymptomatic, but some cases result in severe complications and organ failure. So far, no accurate and validated modelling for clinical and pathohistological manifestations of sarcoidosis is suggested.

[Peptides prevent the forming of secretory phenotype of chondrocytes associated with the aging.].

Secretory phenotype associated with the aging (SASP) of chondrocytes forms the conditions for the musculoskeletal system diseases development, in particular, osteoarthritis (OA). The search for effective methods for OA treating is an urgent task of molecular gerontology. The purpose of this work is to characterize the SASP of chondrocytes and to conduct a comparative assessment of the effect of AED peptide and the cartilage polypeptide complex (CPC).

Peptide Regulation of Chondrogenic Stem Cell Differentiation.

The search for innovative ways to treat osteoarthritis (OA) is an urgent task for molecular medicine and biogerontology. OA leads to disability in persons of middle and older age, while safe and effective methods of treating OA have not yet been discovered. The directed differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into chondrocytes is considered one of the possible methods to treat OA.

Feasibility of Transport of 26 Biologically Active Ultrashort Peptides via LAT and PEPT Family Transporters.

The aim of this work is to verify the possibility of transport of 26 biologically active ultrashort peptides (USPs) into cells via LAT and PEPT family transporters. Molecular modeling and computer-assisted docking of peptide ligands revealed that the size and structure of ligand-binding sites of the amino acid transporters LAT1, LAT2, and of the peptide transporter PEPT1 are sufficient for the transport of the 26 biologically active di-, tri-, and tetra-peptides. Comparative analysis of the binding of all possible di- and tri-peptides (8400 compounds) at the binding sites of the LAT and PEPT family transporters has been carried out.

A Transgenic 5xFAD-M Line of Mice for Dendritic Spine Morphology Analysis in Alzheimer's Disease.

Cognitive impairments are closely related to synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Functional changes in synaptic contacts are reflected in dendritic spine morphology. Visualization of neurons for morphological studies in vivo is complicated by the fixed brain slice staining or expensive adeno-associated virus injections.

[Senescence-associated secretory phenotype and inflammaging: the role in cardiovascular diseases.].

Senescent cells take part into development the age-related diseases by formation the SASP: senescence-associated secretory phenotype. SASP is characterized by synthesis of signal molecules include proinflammatory cytokines. SASP promotes the inflammaging - chronic, low-grade, subclinical inflammatory process, that is the one of cardio-vascular diseases risk factor in older age-groups.

Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype of Cardiovascular System Cells and Inflammaging: Perspectives of Peptide Regulation.

A senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and a mild inflammatory response characteristic of senescent cells (inflammaging) form the conditions for the development of cardiovascular diseases: atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and myocardial infarction. The purpose of the review is to analyze the pool of signaling molecules that form SASP and inflammaging in cells of the cardiovascular system and to search for targets for the action of vasoprotective peptides. The SASP of cells of the cardiovascular system is characterized by a change in the synthesis of anti-proliferative proteins (p16, p19, p21, p38, p53), cytokines characteristic of inflammaging (IL-1α,β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, TNFα, TGFβ1, NF-κB, MCP), matrix metalloproteinases, adhesion molecules, and sirtuins.

[Secretory phenotype of the human endothelial cells associated with replicative and induced aging.].

The aging-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is a heterogeneous phenotype of cells secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, apoptosis' regulatory molecules, and proteases. SASP is one of the three main hallmarks of senescent cells. Dysregulation of the synthesis of SASP-forming molecules leads to the development of age-associated diseases, including cardiovascular pathology.

[Morphological compound and indicators of the blood clotting system in severe COVID-19 patients of middle aged and elderly during treatment of Tocilizumab and Thymalin.].

The aim of the work was a comparative study of Tocilizumab and Thymalin effects on the morphological composition and indicators of the blood clotting system in COVID-19 of middle aged and elderly patients. Severe COVID-19 patients were divided into 3 groups: 1st - control (basic therapy), 2nd - basic therapy +Tocilizumab, 3rd - basic therapy +Thymalin. Hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients after standard therapy, Tocilizumab and Thymalin application was 40,9; 28,4 and 20,6% accordingly.

[Age-related resilience as a manifestation of neurovegetative regulation of organism's functions.].

The concept of human resilience was created to search for new approaches to improving the well-being of middle-aged, elderly and old people. Resilience is based on the physiological mechanisms of maintaining homeostasis and the ability of organs and tissues to regenerate. Identifying the correlation between environmental factors and the level of reactivity of the body is an important aspect in assessing viability.

Transport of Biologically Active Ultrashort Peptides Using POT and LAT Carriers.

Ultrashort peptides (USPs), consisting of 2-7 amino-acid residues, are a group of signaling molecules that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis under normal conditions in various diseases and ageing. USPs serve as a basis for the development of drugs with a targeted mechanism of action. The purpose of this review is to systematize the available data on USP transport involving POT and LAT transporters in various organs and tissues under normal, pathological and ageing conditions.