Pilot study with technosphere/PTH(1-34)--a new approach for effective pulmonary delivery of parathyroid hormone (1-34).

Sequential subcutaneous PTH injection therapy (repeated 14 days of PTH administration and a subsequent treatment pause for a few weeks) is known to increase bone mineral density in patients with osteopenic disorders. Alternative methods of drug delivery may be beneficial in increasing compliance. A pilot study was performed in 10 healthy volunteers (4 female/6-male, age: 25.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function in anorexia nervosa and bulimia.

Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) exhibit neuroendocrine abnormalities that may result solely from emaciation or may reflect defective endocrine mechanisms which are intrinsic to disordered eating even in the absence of starvation. To distinguish these possibilities, we have studied indices of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) function in 9 patients with AN, 12 normal weight patients with bulimia and recent or current oligomenorrhea, and 8 normal weight controls. Measurement of 24-hour luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion with 30-min sampling revealed significantly fewer LH secretory spikes and a trend toward lower mean 24-hour LH levels in both bulimic and anorectic patients than in controls.

Ovulation induction in anestrous bitches by pulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

Preliminary studies in anestrous Beagle bitches demonstrated that a single injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (150 micrograms) produced a rapid, physiological rise in serum estradiol lasting 1-3 days while progesterone remained below 1 ng/ml, whereas serial injections of FSH rapidly produced greater elevations in estradiol and a rapid rise in progesterone over 2 ng/ml. Consequently, attempts to induce fertile ovulation by means of pulsatile intravenous administration of GnRH (1 pulse/1.5 hours for 6-12 days; 0.

Effects of androgen administered to neonatal male rats on hypophyseal gonadotropin content, secretion and response to LHRH at adulthood.

Supraphysiologic doses (1.75-3.50 mg) of testosterone propionate (TP) administered to male rats on the day of birth and 24 h later resulted in markedly reduced serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in adult males castrated for 16 days.

Menopausal hot flashes: thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and circulating catecholamine and LH changes.

Thermoregulatory, cardiovascular and endocrine changes were simultaneously monitored in 11 post-menopausal women with frequent hot flashes (catecholamine and LH levels were measured in 5 and 6 subjects respectively). Plasma samples were obtained at 1- and 5-min intervals. Hot flashes were accompanied by abrupt increases in plasma epinephrine (about 150%) and concomitant decreases in norepinephrine (about 40%).

Pulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone for induction of ovulation.

Chronic pulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was used to induce ovulation in 12 women with various ovulatory disorders. In the first group of eight patients with normal to low baseline levels of gonadotropin, seven responded favorably to the treatment. Follicular maturation was observed in 57% of the treated cycles, and normal ovulatory cycles were induced in 24% of the patients.

Steroid receptors in rat uteri: postmortem retention of specific binding functions in crude tissue preparations.

Steroid receptor measurement by steroid binding analysis is a clinically useful procedure. The determination of steroid binding by specific receptors is thought to reflect the biological status of the test specimen and thereby aid prediction of patient response to endocrine therapy. The need for rapid excision of a specimen and transfer to a cold environment is believed necessary to allow reliable receptor evaluation.

Gonad-gonadotrope interactions: plasma gonadotrophin levels and tumour induction in long-term castrated rats.

The patterns of gonadotrophin secretion in intact controls and in male and female rats castrated for up to 36 months were established utilizing specific radioimmunoassay methods. Plasma LH increased 14-16 fold and FSH rose 4-8 fold in rats of either sex in the first 30 day interval showed an additional 76% increase of LH in both sexes and increases in FSH of 32 and 61% in males and females, respectively. These levels were maintained for an additional 34 months.

Intranuclear transformation of the estrogen receptor in adulthood: tissue and species similarities.

Previous studies in immature rodents have demonstrated the presence of two forms (4S, 5S) of salt extractable estrogen receptor in uterine nuclear preparations. The link between these binding forms appears to be that of hormone dependence and time in a precursor-product relationship. In the present study, this relationship has been observed in nuclear extracts of the uterus and anterior pituitary of intact and gonadectomized adult rats.

Immunoassay of serum alphafetoprotein and albumin reflects the mode of tissue preparation: implications for steroid hormone receptor assays.

The effect of various modes of tissue preparation on the retention of distinct serum proteins was determined. Specific and sensitive radioimmunologic methods were used to measure serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) and albumin(SA) in 105,000 x g hypotonic soluble (cytoplasm) and hypertonic (400mM KCl) solubilized pellets (nuclear extracts) from homogenates of immature rat estrogen target tissues. The tissue level of both serum antigens was influenced by the preparative method: cervical dislocation followed by organ isolation and a single rinse yielded the highest levels of apparent tissue AFP and SA while decapitation followed by exsanguination, organ isolation and multiple rinses resulted in the lowest levels.

[Effects of estradiol-7 alpha-butyric acid on hypothalamus cells].

When Rat uterus was incubated at 37 degrees with estradiol-7 alpha-butyric acid (OII-7 alpha-bu), no interference was observed with the intracellular estradiol receptors. In addition, OII-7 alpha-bu did not display estrogenic effect such as in vivo inhibition of LH secretion in Rat and in vitro increased activity of the enzyme ornithine-decarboxylase in the chick oviduct. Contrary to these negative findings, we have observed preoptic and septal cells in the guinea pig where micro-iontophoresis of OII-7 alpha-bu triggers changes of the electric activity within a second.

Estrogen receptors in different target tissues: similarities of form--dissimilarities of transformation.

The time-related uptake, retention and intracellular distribution of estrogen by different target tissues of the intact immature female rat were studied. The cytoplasmic compartment of the uterus, hypothalamus and pituitary was shown to have a primary hormone receptor complex sedimenting as 8S by sucrose density gradient analysis. Nuclear extracts from all three target tissues contained two forms of estrogen receptor complex; a 5--6S form and a more slowly sedimenting 4S species.