Electrostatic spraying encapsulation of probiotic-loaded W/O/W emulsion in sodium alginate microspheres to enhance probiotic survival stability.

Water-oil-water (W/O/W) double emulsions have been widely studied and applied in probiotic encapsulation. However, challenges remain in enhancing emulsion stability, protecting encapsulated probiotics from adverse environmental conditions, and improving their viability. This study aimed to optimize the functional components of each phase of the W/O/W emulsion to address these issues.