Improving Functional Muscle Regeneration in Volumetric Muscle Loss Injuries by Shifting the Balance of Inflammatory and Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators.

Severe tissue loss resulting from extremity trauma, such as volumetric muscle loss (VML), poses significant clinical challenges for both general and military populations. VML disrupts the endogenous tissue repair mechanisms, resulting in acute and unresolved chronic inflammation and immune cell presence, impaired muscle healing, scar tissue formation, persistent pain, and permanent functional deficits. The aberrant healing response is preceded by acute inflammation and immune cell infiltration which does not resolve.

Longitudinal deep neural networks for assessing metastatic brain cancer on a large open benchmark.

The detection and tracking of metastatic cancer over the lifetime of a patient remains a major challenge in clinical trials and real-world care. Advances in deep learning combined with massive datasets may enable the development of tools that can address this challenge. We present NYUMets-Brain, the world's largest, longitudinal, real-world dataset of cancer consisting of the imaging, clinical follow-up, and medical management of 1,429 patients.

Engagement in Care, Awareness, and Interest in Long-Acting Injectable Anti-Retroviral Therapy.

Long Acting Injectable (LAI) therapy to treat HIV is an alternative to daily oral medications. The success of early roll-out of LAI to eligible patients requires a better understanding of patients' awareness and interest in this novel therapy. We administered an electronic survey to patients attending an urban HIV clinic in the US South.

Effect of fluid elasticity on the emergence of oscillations in an active elastic filament.

Many microorganisms propel themselves through complex media by deforming their flagella. The beat is thought to emerge from interactions between forces of the surrounding fluid, the passive elastic response from deformations of the flagellum and active forces from internal molecular motors. The beat varies in response to changes in the fluid rheology, including elasticity, but there are limited data on how systematic changes in elasticity alter the beat.

Integrin β1-mediated mast cell immune-surveillance of blood vessel content.

Background: IgE-mediated degranulation of mast cells (MCs) provides rapid protection against environmental hazards, including animal venoms. A fraction of tissue-resident MCs intimately associates with blood vessels. These perivascular MCs were reported to extend projections into the vessel lumen and to be the first MCs to acquire intravenously injected IgE, suggesting that IgE loading of MCs depends on their vascular association.

Evaluation of patient health outcomes of a student-run free clinic in East Harlem.

Background: Most United States medical schools have affiliated student-run free clinics, but the quality of services provided in such contexts compared to national metrics is unknown. This study determines whether a student-run, attending-supervised free clinic servicing a low-income and minority race patient population in New York City can meet national metrics of care.

Methods: Through chart review from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020, patient outcomes and service utilization in the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set were examined and compared to national rates of patients using Medicaid HMO or Medicare.

Using Concepts of Photovoice to Engage in Discussions Related to Burnout and Wellbeing.

The purpose of this study was to identify essential skills and abilities for mitigating job-related stressors and preventing burnout while also establishing connections between students and community health workers to provide students with a deeper comprehension of the challenges inherent to their future professions. Ten community health workers were interviewed and asked to present photographs that explored sources of burnout and promotions of well-being. The photographs along with quotes were displayed in a gallery style exhibit for students to view and talk with the community health workers and complete a survey.

Connecting single-cell transcriptomes to projectomes in mouse visual cortex.

The mammalian brain is composed of diverse neuron types that play different functional roles. Recent single-cell RNA sequencing approaches have led to a whole brain taxonomy of transcriptomically-defined cell types, yet cell type definitions that include multiple cellular properties can offer additional insights into a neuron's role in brain circuits. While the Patch-seq method can investigate how transcriptomic properties relate to the local morphological and electrophysiological properties of cell types, linking transcriptomic identities to long-range projections is a major unresolved challenge.

Black Box Warning: Large Language Models and the Future of Infectious Diseases Consultation.

Large language models (LLMs) are artificial intelligence systems trained by deep learning algorithms to process natural language and generate text responses to user prompts. Some approach physician performance on a range of medical challenges, leading some proponents to advocate for their potential use in clinical consultation and prompting some consternation about the future of cognitive specialties. However, LLMs currently have limitations that preclude safe clinical deployment in performing specialist consultations, including frequent confabulations, lack of contextual awareness crucial for nuanced diagnostic and treatment plans, inscrutable and unexplainable training data and methods, and propensity to recapitulate biases.

Hypoxia induced deregulation of sphingolipids in colon cancer is a prognostic marker for patient outcome.

Sphingolipids are important for the physicochemical properties of cellular membranes and deregulated in tumors. In human colon cancer tissue ceramide synthase (CerS) 4 and CerS5 are reduced which correlates with a reduced survival probability of late-stage colon cancer patients. Both enzymes are reduced after hypoxia in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) cells (HCT-116, SW620) but not in non-metastatic CRC cells (SW480, Caco-2).

Body painting, ultrasound, clinical examination, and peer-teaching: A student-centered approach to enhance musculoskeletal anatomy learning.

The presented course, established 2016 as a compulsory elective for 22nd-year bachelor medical students, aimed to enhance deep learning of upper and lower limb anatomy from a clinical perspective by a maximum of student-centered activities combining hands-on skills training with team-learning. Three cohorts (in total 60 students) participated in this study. Students rotated through body painting, ultrasound, and clinical investigation supervised by faculty or an experienced clinician.

Telemedicine treatment of patients with mental disorders during and after the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Germany - an observational study on feasibility and patient satisfaction.

Introduction: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, a general lockdown was enacted across Germany in March 2020. As a consequence, patients with mental health conditions received limited or no treatment in day hospitals and outpatient settings. To ensure continuity of care, the necessary technological preparations were made to enable the implementation of telemedical care via telephone or video conferencing, and this option was then used as much as possible.

The Brain Tumor Segmentation - Metastases (BraTS-METS) Challenge 2023: Brain Metastasis Segmentation on Pre-treatment MRI.

The translation of AI-generated brain metastases (BM) segmentation into clinical practice relies heavily on diverse, high-quality annotated medical imaging datasets. The BraTS-METS 2023 challenge has gained momentum for testing and benchmarking algorithms using rigorously annotated internationally compiled real-world datasets. This study presents the results of the segmentation challenge and characterizes the challenging cases that impacted the performance of the winning algorithms.

Microangiopathy in multiple myeloma: a case of carfilzomib-induced secondary thrombotic microangiopathy successfully treated with plasma exchange and complement inhibition.

Background: Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a potentially organ and life-threatening condition affecting patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Cases of proteasome inhibitor-induced TMA and specifically carfilzomib-induced TMA have been rarely reported and standards for diagnostic workup and treatment are not available.

Case Presentation: We describe a case of a male MM patient under salvage therapy including proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib following chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation.

Causes of Death in Patients With Brain Metastases.

Background And Objectives: Advances in targeted therapies and wider application of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) have redefined outcomes of patients with brain metastases. Under modern treatment paradigms, there remains limited characterization of which aspects of disease drive demise and in what frequencies. This study aims to characterize the primary causes of terminal decline and evaluate differences in underlying intracranial tumor dynamics in patients with metastatic brain cancer.

Co-crystal structures of the fluorogenic aptamer Beetroot show that close homology may not predict similar RNA architecture.

Beetroot is a homodimeric in vitro selected RNA that binds and activates DFAME, a conditional fluorophore derived from GFP. It is 70% sequence-identical to the previously characterized homodimeric aptamer Corn, which binds one molecule of its cognate fluorophore DFHO at its interprotomer interface. We have now determined the Beetroot-DFAME co-crystal structure at 1.

Characterizing cannabis use in a sample of adults with multiple sclerosis and chronic pain: An observational study.

Background: Although cannabis has become an increasingly common method for pain management among people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), there is a dearth of knowledge regarding the types of cannabis products used as well as the characteristics of cannabis users. The current study aimed to (1) describe the prevalence of cannabis use and the routes of administration of cannabis products in adults with an existing chronic pain condition and MS, (2) to examine differences in demographic and disease-related variables between cannabis users and non-users, and (3) to examine differences between cannabis users and non-users in pain-related variables, including pain intensity, pain interference, neuropathic pain, pain medication use, and pain-related coping.

Methods: Secondary analysis of baseline data from participants with multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic pain (N = 242) enrolled in an RCT comparing mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and usual care for chronic pain.

Predictors of Engagement Barriers for Adolescent ADHD Treatment.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand patient characteristics that predict engagement barriers during behavior therapy for ADHD.

Method: Participants were 121 adolescents with ADHD and parents who received evidence-based behavior therapy for ADHD. Multiple regression examined relationships between six independent variables and frequency of barriers.

Effects of seawater and freshwater challenges on the Gh/Igf system in the saline-tolerant blackchin tilapia .

Prolactin (Prl) and growth hormone (Gh) as well as insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) are involved in the physiological adaptation of fish to varying salinities. The Igfs have been also ascribed other physiological roles during development, growth, reproduction and immune regulation. However, the main emphasis in the investigation of osmoregulatory responses has been the endocrine, liver-derived Igf1 route and local regulation within the liver and osmoregulatory organs.

Computational Modeling and Imaging of the Intracellular Oxygen Gradient.

Computational modeling can provide a mechanistic and quantitative framework for describing intracellular spatial heterogeneity of solutes such as oxygen partial pressure (pO). This study develops and evaluates a finite-element model of oxygen-consuming mitochondrial bioenergetics using the COMSOL Multiphysics program. The model derives steady-state oxygen (O) distributions from Fickian diffusion and Michaelis-Menten consumption kinetics in the mitochondria and cytoplasm.

Characterizing Fluorescence Properties of Turn-on RNA Aptamers.

Fluorescent RNA aptamers are tools for studying RNA localization and interactions in vivo. The photophysical properties of these in vitro selected RNAs should be characterized prior to cellular imaging experiments. Here, we describe the process of determining the fluorophore affinity, fluorescence enhancement, and fluorescence lifetime(s) of the Mango-III fluorescence turn-on aptamer.

RadImageNet: An Open Radiologic Deep Learning Research Dataset for Effective Transfer Learning.

Purpose: To demonstrate the value of pretraining with millions of radiologic images compared with ImageNet photographic images on downstream medical applications when using transfer learning.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent a radiologic study between 2005 and 2020 at an outpatient imaging facility. Key images and associated labels from the studies were retrospectively extracted from the original study interpretation.