Mapping the distribution of Nipah virus infections: a geospatial modelling analysis.

Background: Nipah virus is a zoonotic paramyxovirus responsible for disease outbreaks with high fatality rates in south and southeast Asia. However, knowledge of the potential geographical extent and risk patterns of the virus is poor. We aimed to establish an integrated spatiotemporal and phylogenetic database of Nipah virus infections in humans and animals across south and southeast Asia.

Enterprise stents for the treatment of symptomatic non-acute intracranial artery stenosis disease: safety and efficiency evaluation.

Background: Enterprise stent was approved for the treatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms. However, it has been widely used in the endovascular treatment of intracranial artery stenosis, which is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficiency of the Enterprise stent in the endovascular treatment of intracranial artery stenosis disease.

Triaxial mechanical behaviours and life cycle assessment of sustainable multi-recycled aggregate concrete.

Multi-recycling of concrete waste presents a promising avenue for carbon-negative development and a circular economy. This study comprehensively assesses the triaxial mechanical performance and environmental impact of multi-recycled concrete (Multi-RAC) through three recycling cycles. The results reveal a triaxial failure mode similar to natural aggregate concrete (NAC).

Wwl70-induced ABHD6 inhibition attenuates memory deficits and pathological phenotypes in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice.

Synaptic dysfunction plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). α/β-hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6) contributes to synaptic dysfunctions, and ABHD6 inhibition has shown potential therapeutic value in neurological disorders. However, the role of ABHD6 in AD has not been fully defined.

MiR-431 attenuates synaptic plasticity and memory deficits in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice.

Synaptic plasticity impairment plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and emerging evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRs) are alternative biomarkers and therapeutic targets for synaptic dysfunctions in AD. In this study, we found that the level of miR-431 was downregulated in the plasma of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and AD. In addition, it was decreased in the hippocampus and plasma of APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice.

Aberrant Energy Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease.

To maintain energy supply to the brain, a direct energy source called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is produced by oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis of glucose in the mitochondria and cytoplasm. Brain glucose metabolism is reduced in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), where it appears presymptomatically in a progressive and region-specific manner. Following dysregulation of energy metabolism in AD, many cellular repair/regenerative processes are activated to conserve the energy required for cell viability.

Changes in notifiable infectious disease incidence in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Nationwide nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been effective at mitigating the spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but their broad impact on other diseases remains under-investigated. Here we report an ecological analysis comparing the incidence of 31 major notifiable infectious diseases in China in 2020 to the average level during 2014-2019, controlling for temporal phases defined by NPI intensity levels. Respiratory diseases and gastrointestinal or enteroviral diseases declined more than sexually transmitted or bloodborne diseases and vector-borne or zoonotic diseases.

Imperatorin inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathways and alleviates neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke.

Aims: Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathological process of ischemic stroke, and the effect of imperatorin on post-stroke neuroinflammation is not fully understood.

Methods: Primary microglia were treated with imperatorin for 2 h followed by LPS (100 ng/ml) for 24 h. The expression of inflammatory cytokines was detected by RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blot.

The changing pattern of enteric pathogen infections in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nation-wide observational study.

Background: Non pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) including hand washing directives were implemented in China and worldwide to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, which are likely to have had impacted a broad spectrum of enteric pathogen infections.

Methods: Etiologically diagnostic data from 45 937 and 67 395 patients with acute diarrhea between 2012 and 2020, who were tested for seven viral pathogens and 13 bacteria respectively, were analyzed to assess the changes of enteric pathogen infections in China during the first COVID-19 pandemic year compared to pre-pandemic years.

Findings: Test positive rates of all enteric viruses decreased during 2020, compared to the average levels during 2012-2019, with a relative decrease of 71•75% for adenovirus, 58•76% for norovirus, 53•50% for rotavirus A, and 72•07% for the combination of other four uncommon viruses.

Microglial lnc-U90926 facilitates neutrophil infiltration in ischemic stroke via MDH2/CXCL2 axis.

Dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. However, the potential role of lncRNAs in post-stroke microglial activation remains largely unknown. Here, we uncovered that lncRNA-U90926 was significantly increased in microglia exposed to ischemia/reperfusion both in vivo and in vitro.

Province-specific alcohol-attributable cancer deaths and years of potential life lost in China.

Objective: Cancer is a major cause of death in China. As alcohol drinking, a risk factor of cancer, is common in China, we aimed to estimate the alcohol-attributable cancer deaths and years of potential life lost (YPLL) across all provinces in China.

Methods: We estimated the proportion of cancer deaths and YPLL attributable to alcohol consumption at the province level.

A study on inhibition of the Aβ-induced inflammatory response by the Huatuo Zaizao pill through the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Introduction: The pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) includes β-amyloid (Aβ) (plaques) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). This study aimed to explore the efficacy of Huatuo Zaizao pill (HTZP) in an AD mouse model induced by injecting Aβ, and the neuroprotective mechanism of HTZP in AD.

Material And Methods: C57BL/6 (B6) mice were randomly divided into 4 groups ( = 10, per group): control group, AD model group, and 2 different doses of HTZP treated groups.

miR-204-3p/Nox4 Mediates Memory Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder leading to dementia in the elderly, and the mechanisms of AD are not fully defined. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to contribute to memory deficits in AD. In this study, we identified that miR-204-3p was downregulated in the hippocampus and plasma of 6-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice.

Province-specific smoking-attributable cancer mortality in China 2013.

Introduction: Province-specific initiatives are at the forefront of tobacco control but limited studies have provided province-specific assessment of smoking-attributable cancer burden in China.

Methods: We estimated the fraction of total and site-specific cancer mortality attributable to tobacco smoking in 31 provinces in mainland China. The population attributable fractions (PAFs) for cancer deaths due to smoking were calculated by Levin's formula using province-specific smoking prevalence data around 1998 (assuming a 15-year latency time) and relative risks from cohort studies and meta-analyses.

Muscone Ameliorates Synaptic Dysfunction and Cognitive Deficits in APP/PS1 Mice.

Background: Dysfunction of synaptic plasticity leads to memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Muscone (Mus) has shown neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemic models. However, little is known of Mus effects on AD.

AIM2 deletion promotes neuroplasticity and spatial memory of mice.

Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) senses damaged-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and recruits apoptosis speck-like protein (ASC) and caspase-1 to form a molecular platform for cerebral inflammation and neuronal pyroptosis. Here, we found that AIM2 was up-regulated in the hippocampus of 6-months-old APP/PS1 mice and further investigated the role of AIM2 in spatial memory, long term potentiation (LTP) and synaptic morphology. Our study demonstrated that AIM2 deletion remarkably promoted spatial memory of mice using Morris Water Maze test and Y-Maze test.

EZH2 inhibitor DZNep modulates microglial activation and protects against ischaemic brain injury after experimental stroke.

Enhancer of zeste homolog-2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase, has been recognized to play a pivotal role in regulating the immune response in various diseases. However, its role in the inflammatory response induced by ischaemic stroke remains to be further investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the role of EZH2 in microglia-associated inflammation in ischaemic stroke and to further detect the effects of the EZH2 inhibitor, 3-deazaadenosine A (DZNep), in ischaemic brain injury.

LncRNA-1810034E14Rik reduces microglia activation in experimental ischemic stroke.

Background: Activation of microglial cells plays an important role in neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke. Inhibiting the activation of microglial cells has been suggested as a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of ischemic stroke.

Methods: Oxygen-glucose deprivation in primary microglial cells and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in C57BL/6 mice were used as the in vitro and in vivo ischemic stroke models.

Relationship between White Matter Hyperintensities and Hematoma Volume in Patients with Intracerebral Hematoma.

The relationship of white-matter hyperintensity (WMH) to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains unclear. In this retrospective study, we investigated whether the severity and progression of WMH could be related to the hematoma volume and absorption in ICH. 2338 WMH patients with ICH aged≥40 years receiving brain computed tomography (CT) imaging within 12 hours of ICH symptom onset were screened, and 227 patients were included in the final study.

Huatuo Zaizao pill ameliorates cognitive impairment of APP/PS1 transgenic mice by improving synaptic plasticity and reducing Aβ deposition.

Background: It is well known that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory deficits and cognitive decline. Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and synaptic dysfunction play important roles in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Huatuo Zaizao pill (HT) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that has been used clinically for many years in China, mainly for post-stroke rehabilitation and cognitive decline; however, the mechanism of cognitive function is not clear.

4-((5-(Tert-butyl)-3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzyl) amino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury.

Aims: Oxidative stress is one of the most important pathological mechanisms which could aggravate ischemic stroke injury. In order to seek for better treatment therapies to alleviate stroke injury, novel chemicals have been synthetized. In the present study, a new compound 4-((5-(tert-butyl)-3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzyl) amino)-2- hydroxybenzoic acid, named LX009, was used to determine whether it could reduce the oxidative stress caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)/reperfusion (RP) and exert neuroprotective effect both in mouse Neuro 2A (N2A) neuroblastoma cells and mouse primary cortical neurons.

Lentivirus-Mediated HDAC3 Inhibition Attenuates Oxidative Stress in APPswe/PS1dE9 Mice.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) induces a burst of oxidative stress and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our previous results have shown that histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) inhibition ameliorates spatial memory deficits and decreases the Aβ burden in the brains of 9-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice. In this study, we investigated the role of HDAC3 inhibition in oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro models of AD.