Histone-acetyl epigenome regulates TGF-β pathway-associated chemoresistance in colorectal cancer.

TGF-β signaling pathway has been demonstrated to be closely related to chemoresistance, which is the major cause of recurrence and poor outcome in colorectal cancer (CRC), however, the comprehensive epigenetic landscape that functionally implicates in the regulation of TGF-β pathway-associated chemoresistance has not yet well established in CRC. In our study, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and Western blot were employed to investigate epigenetic modifications for histones in response to TGF-β1 intervene. We found that the activation of the TGF-β pathway was characterized by genome-wide high levels of H3K9ac and H3K18ac.

Case report: Autoimmune encephalomyelitis following cytomegalovirus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause various end-organ diseases in immunocompromised hosts, including allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HSCT) recipients. Interestingly, CMV viremia has been associated with various complications and poor prognosis in allo-HSCT recipients. Complications involving the central nervous system (CNS) occur in 9-14% of patients following allo-HSCT.

Effective control of postoperative recurrence of pregnancy-related gastric cancer using anti-PD-1 as a monotherapy: a case report.

Pregnancy-related gastric cancer is characterized by a refractory nature and poor prognosis; few gastric cancer cases during pregnancy achieved acceptable outcomes by using anti-PD-1 as a monotherapy. A 32-year-old pregnant female patient was admitted to the emergency department of the obstetrics and gynecology department and eventually diagnosed with gastric cancer. Radical surgery for gastric cancer was conducted after the termination of pregnancy.

Multi-kingdom gut microbiota analyses define bacterial-fungal interplay and microbial markers of pan-cancer immunotherapy across cohorts.

The effect of gut bacteria on the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been studied, but the relationship between fungi and ICI responses is not fully understood. Herein, 862 fecal metagenomes from 9 different cohorts were integrated for the identification of differentially abundant fungi and subsequent construction of random forest (RF) models to predict ICI responses. Fungal markers demonstrate excellent performance, with an average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.

The Pathogenicity of Modulated by Dietary Fibers-A Possible Missing Link between the Dietary Composition and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer.

The dietary composition has been approved to be strongly associated with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most serious malignancies worldwide, through regulating the gut microbiota structure, thereby influencing the homeostasis of colonic epithelial cells by producing carcinogens, i.e., ammonia or antitumor metabolites, like butyrate.

Urea cycle activation triggered by host-microbiota maladaptation driving colorectal tumorigenesis.

Maladaptation of host-microbiota metabolic interplay plays a critical role in colorectal cancer initiation. Here, through a combination of single-cell transcriptomics, microbiome profiling, metabonomics, and clinical analysis on colorectal adenoma and carcinoma tissues, we demonstrate that host's urea cycle metabolism is significantly activated during colorectal tumorigenesis, accompanied by the absence of beneficial bacteria with ureolytic capacity, such as Bifidobacterium, and the overabundance of pathogenic bacteria lacking ureolytic function. Urea could enter into macrophages, inhibit the binding efficiency of p-STAT1 to SAT1 promotor region, and further skew macrophages toward a pro-tumoral phenotype characterized by the accumulation of polyamines.

Successful pancreatoduodenectomy of duodenal malignancy after orthotopic liver transplantation: A case report.

Introduction: Liver transplantation is a risk factor for premalignant and malignant changes of the duodenum. De novo duodenal malignancy is seldom reported after liver transplantation.

Case Report: The present study reports a case of an asymptomatic 67-year-old male patient who underwent liver transplantation more than 10 years ago and subsequently developed duodenal malignancy.

Screening of a novel autophagy-related prognostic signature and therapeutic targets in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Many studies have indicated that autophagy plays an important role in multiple cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to establish a prognostic signature for HCC based on autophagy-related genes (ARGs) to predict the prognosis of patients.

Methods: The list of ARGs was derived from screening National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)-Gene and Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) datasets.

Enterotoxigenic Bacteroidesfragilis Promotes Intestinal Inflammation and Malignancy by Inhibiting Exosome-Packaged miR-149-3p.

Background & Aims: Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is strongly associated with the occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colitis-associated colorectal cancer, and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanism of ETBF-induced intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis remains unclear.

Methods: microRNA sequencing was used to detect the differentially expressed microRNAs in both ETBF-treated cells and exosomes derived from ETBF-inoculated cells.

Ureteral calculi associated with high-altitude polycythemia: A case report.

Rationale: High-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) is a common disease in high-altitude areas characterized by excessive erythrocyte proliferation and severe hypoxemia. Recently, the incidence of ureteral calculi has risen. However, cases of ureteral calculi associated with HAPC have not been reported.

A tumor microenvironment-specific gene expression signature predicts chemotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer patients.

Studies have shown that tumor microenvironment (TME) might affect drug sensitivity and the classification of colorectal cancer (CRC). Using TME-specific gene signature to identify CRC subtypes with distinctive clinical relevance has not yet been tested. A total of 18 "bulk" RNA-seq datasets (total n = 2269) and four single-cell RNA-seq datasets were included in this study.

Novel insights into plasma biomarker candidates in patients with chronic mountain sickness based on proteomics.

Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is a progressive incapacitating syndrome induced by lifelong exposure to hypoxia. In the present study, proteomic analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and then evaluate the potential plasma biomarkers between CMS and non-CMS groups. A total of 145 DEPs were detected in CMS Han Chinese people who live in the plateau (CMS-HPu), among which 89 were significantly up-regulated and 56 were significantly down-regulated.

VHL gene methylation contributes to excessive erythrocytosis in chronic mountain sickness rat model by upregulating the HIF-2α/EPO pathway.

Aims: Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play important roles in the pathogenesis of erythrocytosis in chronic mountain sickness (CMS). von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) is a key regulator of hypoxia that can direct the poly-ubiquitylation and degradation of HIFs. Epigenetic mechanisms are believed to contribute toward adaption to chronic hypoxia.

Severe Wernicke encephalopathy and acute pancreatitis due to all-trans-retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide during treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia: a case report.

A 55-year-old woman developed acute promyelocytic leukaemia during treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide. Initially, she presented with symptoms of epigastric pain, vomiting, and nausea, and she developed acute pancreatitis. She was treated with parenteral nutritional supplementation for 20 days.

ALKBH4 Functions as a Suppressor of Colorectal Cancer Metastasis via Competitively Binding to WDR5.

Background: Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a major process in the initiation of tumor metastasis, where cancer cells lose sessile epithelial potential and gain mesenchymal phenotype. Large-scale cell identity shifts are often orchestrated on an epigenetic level and the interplay between epigenetic factors and EMT progression was still largely unknown. In this study, we tried to identify candidate epigenetic factors that involved in EMT progression.

EPAS1 regulates proliferation of erythroblasts in chronic mountain sickness.

Excessive erythrocytosis (EE) is a characteristic of chronic mountain sickness (CMS). Currently, the pathogenesis of CMS remains unclear. This study was intended to investigate the role of EPAS1 in the proliferation of erythroblasts in CMS.

Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Microvessel Proliferation and Basal Membrane Degradation in the Bone Marrow of Rats Regulated through the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/MMP-9 Pathway.

Chronic hypoxia (CH) is characterized by long-term hypoxia that is associated with microvessel proliferation and basal membrane (BM) degradation in tissues. The IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/MMP-9 pathway has been described in a variety of human cancers and plays an essential role in microvessel proliferation and BM degradation. Therefore, this study investigated the role of the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/MMP-9 pathway in hypoxia-mediated microvessel proliferation and BM degradation in the rat bone marrow.

Gender differences in vascular reactivity of mesenteric arterioles in portal hypertensive and non-portal hypertensive rats.

Background: Portal hypertension (PHT) is primarily caused by an increase in resistance to portal outflow and secondarily by an increase in splanchnic blood flow. Vascular hyporeactivity both in systemic circulation and in the mesenteric artery plays a role in the hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome.

Aim: To explore gender differences and the role of endogenous sex hormones in PHT and vascular reactivity of mesenteric arterioles in rats.

[Research Progress on Role of Gene Mutations in Prognostic Evaluation of Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome after Stem-Cell Transplantation--Review].

Abstract　　Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder characterized by morphologic features of dyspoiesis, high risk of transformation from MDS into AML. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is the only curative therapy for MDS, but the failure rate of transplantation is still high, which attribute to relapsed disease and transplant-related complications. Recently, the spectrum of gene abnormalities in MDS has been revealed by next generation genomic sequencing techniques.

ESM-1: A Novel Tumor Biomaker and its Research Advances.

Background: Cancer kills nearly 9,000,000 people worldwide, and its mortality was reported up to 28% in the past decade. Few available tumor markers have been known to help early stage diagnosis. In this study, Endocan was taken as a novel tumor marker, which has been found in many cancers related to cancer cell proliferation, neoangiogenesis, etc.

Severe polymorphic erythema due to interferon α-2b during treatment of hairy cell leukemia.

A 54-year-old woman with hairy cell leukemia developed severe polymorphic erythema and blisters on the trunk and limbs after injection of interferon (IFN) α-2b. Skin biopsy revealed lymphocytic exocytosis and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate in the dermis, and the lesions improved after methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Although injection-site reactions have been observed after injection of IFNα-2b, this is the first report of a widespread cutaneous reaction to IFNα-2b.

Downregulation of intrinsic apoptosis pathway in erythroblasts contributes to excessive erythrocytosis of chronic mountain sickness.

Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) has a higher incidence in the plateau region and is characterized by excessive erythrocytosis and hypoxemia. Bcl-2 family plays an important role in the process of erythropoiesis and the regulation of apoptosis. This study aimed to examine the change in apoptosis of erythroblasts in CMS patients and explore the involvement of Bcl-2 family.

PI3K-Akt Signal Transduction Molecules Maybe Involved in Downregulation of Erythroblasts Apoptosis and Perifosine Increased Its Apoptosis in Chronic Mountain Sickness.

BACKGROUND Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) has a higher incidence in the plateau region. The one of its principal characters is excessive erythrocytosis. The PI3K-Akt pathway plays an important role in the process of erythropoiesis, and could downregulate apoptosis by regulating apoptosis-related molecules.

[Occurrence, diagnosis and treatment of de novo gastrointestinal malignancies after organ transplantation].

With the continuous use of immunosuppressive agents routinely, the long-term survival rate of organ transplant recipients has been incessantly improved. However, the risk of de novo malignancies is also increasing, which has become the second cause of death after organ transplantation. De novo gastrointestinal malignancies are common after liver or kidney transplantation, mostly with advanced stage when diagnosed and poor prognosis.

[Effect of ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway Inhibitor PD98059 on the Expression of Ras, BRaf, MEK, ERK1/2 in Marrow Nucleated Red Blood Cells of CMS Patients].

Objective: To investigate the effect of ERK1 / 2 signaling pathway inhibitor PD98059 on Ras, Raf, MEK, ERK1, ERK2 expression in order to explore a new way for basic research and clinical treatment of the chronic mountain sickness(CMS).

Methods: Sixteen CMS patients were selected, the bone marrow was collected for isolation of monomuclear cells (MNC), the cells were sorted by using CD71 and CD235a antibody magnetic beads, then positive cells were diveded into 5 groups: blank control, DMSO and PD98059 5, 10 and 20 µmol/L, and were cultured in hypoxid condition for 72 hours. The Ras-GTP levels in supernatant was detected by ELISA, the RT-PCR was used to determine the expression of BRaf, MEK, ERK1, ERK2 mRNA in nucleated red blood cells, and the Western blot method was used to detect expression of BRaf, MEK, ERK1, ERK2 protein.