Dynamic interplay between locus-specific DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation regulates distinct biological pathways in prostate carcinogenesis.

Background: Despite the significant global loss of DNA hydroxymethylation marks in prostate cancer tissues, the locus-specific role of hydroxymethylation in prostate tumorigenesis is unknown. We characterized hydroxymethylation and methylation marks by performing whole-genome next-generation sequencing in representative normal and prostate cancer-derived cell lines in order to determine functional pathways and key genes regulated by these epigenomic modifications in cancer.

Results: Our cell line model shows disruption of hydroxymethylation distribution in cancer, with global loss and highly specific gain in promoter and CpG island regions.

Integrated analysis of epigenomic and genomic changes by DNA methylation dependent mechanisms provides potential novel biomarkers for prostate cancer.

Epigenetic silencing mediated by CpG methylation is a common feature of many cancers. Characterizing aberrant DNA methylation changes associated with tumor progression may identify potential prognostic markers for prostate cancer (PCa). We treated two PCa cell lines, 22Rv1 and DU-145 with the demethylating agent 5-Aza 2'-deoxycitidine (DAC) and global methylation status was analyzed by performing methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme based differential methylation hybridization strategy followed by genome-wide CpG methylation array profiling.

Significant head motion can cause either hypermetabolic or hypometabolic cerebral activity on 18F-FDG PET/CT.

We report 2 separate cases with significant head motion causing apparent hypometabolic and hypermetabolic cerebral activity on FDG PET/CT. Case 1 is a 57-year-old man with facial numbness status post chemotherapy for mantle cell lymphoma. Restaging attenuation-corrected PET showed increased left frontal region activity, whereas nonattenuation-corrected PET demonstrated evidence of patient motion with normal physiologic left frontal cortical activity.

Acetate metabolism and aging: An emerging connection.

Sirtuins are NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases that regulate gene silencing, energy metabolism and aging from bacteria to mammals. SIRT3, a mammalian mitochondrial sirtuin, deacetylates acetyl-CoA synthetase (AceCS2) in the mitochondria. AceCS2 is conserved from bacteria to humans, catalyzes the conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA and enables peripheral tissues to utilize acetate during fasting conditions.

F-18 FDG PET-CT imaging in recurrent cerebral gliosarcoma.

We report the F-18 FDG PET-CT appearance of recurrent gliosarcoma (GS) with extracranial extension in a 47-year-old man who underwent surgical resection of a right frontal GS 5 months earlier. F-18 FDG PET demonstrated moderate uptake in the recurrent disease. GS is a very rare, biphasic primary neoplasm of the central nervous system, composed of glioblastoma multiforme mixed with a sarcomatous component.

The Rok protein of Bacillus subtilis represses genes for cell surface and extracellular functions.

Rok is a repressor of the transcriptional activator ComK and is therefore an important regulator of competence in Bacillus subtilis (T. T. Hoa, P.